我国肉牛杂种优势利用研究进展与展望

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260921.003

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 44-54.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260921.003cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260921.003

我国肉牛杂种优势利用研究进展与展望

张晓燕¹(), 李姝涵¹, 樊毅杰¹, 安腾原¹, 王娜², 张山³, 任刚¹^,⁴()

^1. 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院，陕西杨凌 712100
^2. 天津力牧生物科技有限公司，天津 300480
^3. 牛智谷控股（阳信）有限公司，山东滨州 251802
^4. 农业农村部动物生物技术重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2026-06-15 出版日期:2026-10-26 发布日期:2026-09-29
通讯作者: 任刚
作者简介:
张晓燕（1990—），女，博士，山西人，研究方向：动物遗传育种与繁殖，Email：zhangxiaoyan1106@yeah.net。
基金资助:
陕西省杰出青年科学基金项目(2025-JC-JCQN-057); 国家自然科学基金项目(32472880)

Advances and future perspectives on heterosis utilization in Chinese beef cattle

Xiaoyan Zhang¹(), Shuhan Li¹, Yijie Fan¹, Tengyuan An¹, Na Wang², Shan Zhang³, Gang Ren¹^,⁴()

^1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
^2. Tianjin Boyaleap Biotechnology Co. , Ltd. , Tianjin, 300480, China
^3. Niu Zhigu Holdings (Yangxin) Co. , Ltd. , Binzhou, 251802, China
^4. Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100, China

Received:2026-06-15 Online:2026-10-26 Published:2026-09-29
Contact: Gang Ren

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高效开发利用肉牛杂种优势，是突破肉牛生产性能瓶颈、驱动我国肉牛产业高质量转型升级的关键育种技术，在现代肉牛种业发展中具有重要应用价值。然而，杂种优势的遗传基础复杂，形成机制解析不透彻，在实际育种应用中仍存在明显短板。本文围绕“机制解析-预测方法-育种应用”，系统阐述了杂种优势的概念与该技术在肉牛育种中的应用价值，从经典遗传学与表观遗传学两个层面梳理了其形成的分子机制。在杂种优势预测方法相关论述中，整理了配合力测定、遗传距离分析两类典型的传统方法，并梳理了现阶段这类方法存在的应用难点与优化方向。本文回顾了我国肉牛育种的发展历程，在从传统役用功能转向专门化肉用方向转型的过程中，国内育种体系已初步建成，生产性能得到一定提升。本文还整理了我国自主培育的五个肉牛品种，进而以陕西秦川牛为具体研究案例，说明地方育种政策对杂种优势利用的支撑作用。展望未来，多组学联合解析结合基因组精准选择与地方品种种质精准杂交设计将成为杂种优势利用的两大核心突破路径。

关键词: 肉牛, 杂种优势预测, 杂交利用, 基因组选择, 地方品种

Abstract:

Efficient exploration and utilization of heterosis as a core breeding technique to break through the productivity bottleneck of beef cattle and drive the high-quality transformation and upgrading of China's beef cattle industry, possessing important application value for the development of modern beef cattle seed industry. However, the genetic basis of heterosis is extremely complex, and its underlying formation mechanism has not been fully elucidated, resulting in prominent limitations in its practical application for beef cattle breeding. Centering on the research framework of “mechanism analysis-prediction method-breeding application”, this article systematically elaborates the concept and breeding value of heterosis in beef cattle production, and summarizes the molecular formation mechanisms of heterosis from the perspectives of classical genetics and epigenetics. In terms of heterosis prediction, this study reviews two conventional breeding methods, namely combining ability test and genetic distance analysis, and further discusses the current application limitations and potential optimization strategies of the above methods. The development process of beef cattle breeding in China was reviewed. During the transition from traditional service functions to specialized meat production, the domestic breeding system has been initially established and production performance has also been improved to a certain extent. This article summarizes five independently cultivated beef cattle varieties in China and takes Qinchuan cattle in Shaanxi Province as a typical case to clarify the supporting role of local breeding policies in heterosis utilization. Future breeding breakthroughs will mainly focus on two core technical paths: the integrated application of multi-omics analysis and genomic selection, and the precise crossbreeding design based on indigenous cattle germplasm resources.

Key words: Beef cattle, Heterosis prediction, Crossbreeding utilization, Genomic selection, Indigenous breed

中图分类号:

S823

张晓燕, 李姝涵, 樊毅杰, 安腾原, 王娜, 张山, 任刚. 我国肉牛杂种优势利用研究进展与展望[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(10): 44-54.

Xiaoyan Zhang, Shuhan Li, Yijie Fan, Tengyuan An, Na Wang, Shan Zhang, Gang Ren. Advances and future perspectives on heterosis utilization in Chinese beef cattle[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(10): 44-54.

图/表 2

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品种名称 Cultivar name	育成时间 Release time	育种素材 Parental combination	核心优势性状 Main advantageous traits	杂交方式 Crossing scheme
夏南牛 Xianan cattle	2007年	父本：夏洛来母本：南阳牛	生长快、产肉率高、适应性强、高繁殖力	导入杂交、横交固定与自群繁育三个阶段
延黄牛 Yanhuang cattle	2008年	父本：利木赞母本：延边黄牛	生长快、产肉率高、肉质优异、繁殖力好、抗寒性强	系统杂交、回交与横交固定
辽育白牛 Liaoyu White cattle	2010年	父本：夏洛来母本：辽宁黄牛	体型大、生长快、产肉性能优、抗寒性强	级进杂交后开展横交固定
云岭牛 Yunling cattle	2014年	父本：莫累灰、婆罗门母本：云南黄牛	生长速度快、早熟、肉质优、繁殖力高、耐热抗蜱	三元杂交后横交固定
华西牛 Huaxi cattle	2021年	母本：蒙古牛、三河牛父本：西门塔尔、夏洛来、利木赞	生产性能卓越、生长速度突出、广适性、遗传性能稳定、繁殖性能良好	杂交筛选→种质创新→横交固定

我国肉牛杂种优势利用研究进展与展望

Advances and future perspectives on heterosis utilization in Chinese beef cattle

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