山东省肉牛遗传改良现状及展望

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260918.001

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 55-63.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260918.001cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260918.001

山东省肉牛遗传改良现状及展望

姜子昕¹(), 陶家树², 胡智胜², 宋恩亮³, 刘育含², 胡莉萍¹

^1. 山东省动物疫病预防与控制中心/山东省人畜共患病流调监测中心，山东济南 250100
^2. 山东省畜牧总站，山东济南 250100
^3. 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所/山东省主要畜禽育种重点实验室，山东济南 250100

收稿日期:2026-01-29 出版日期:2026-10-26 发布日期:2026-09-29

作者简介:

姜子昕（1996—），男，山东济南人，兽医师，研究方向：动物疫病防控与净化，E-mail：j1996zx@163.com。

胡莉萍（1966—），女，山东青岛人，山东省动物疫病预防与控制中心，二级研究员，享受国务院和山东省政府特殊津贴，济南市高层次人才C类（省级领军人才）。主要从事人畜共患病（布鲁氏菌病、结核病）防控及净化、新技术研究与推广等工作。主持或承担省重点研发计划等项目16项；获省科技进步奖一等奖等奖励15项；获授权专利50件；软件著作权20件；主持或参与制订省地等标准24项；制定的布鲁氏菌病和结核病防控等2项技术连续10年列入全省主推技术；发表SCI论文等60余篇。研究方向：动物疫病防控与净化，E-mail：hxyhlp@sina.com。

The current situation and prospects of genetic improvement of beef cattle in Shandong province

Zixin Jiang¹(), Jiashu Tao², Zhisheng Hu², Enliang Song³, Yuhan Liu², Liping Hu¹

^1. Shandong Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center/Shandong Center for Epidemiological Investigation and Monitoring of Zoonoses, Jinan, 250100, China
^2. Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan, 250100, China
^3. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Major Livestock and Poultry Breeding in Shandong Province, Jinan, 250100, China

Received:2026-01-29 Online:2026-10-26 Published:2026-09-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为破解肉牛种业“卡脖子”难题、提升产业核心竞争力，山东省自2021年起以《山东省畜禽遗传改良计划（2021—2035年）》为核心，构建“政策赋能、科技支撑、基础巩固、疫病防控、全链延伸”五位一体实施体系，推动肉牛遗传改良工作分阶段、系统化推进。本文依托山东肉牛行业统计数据与实地调研成果，系统梳理全省肉牛产业“一带两区”空间布局、存栏出栏与牛肉产能历年变化特征，细化拆解省级财政扶持、产学研育种平台搭建、地方资源保种以及布鲁氏菌病与牛结核病防控净化和龙头带动全链条品牌化建设五大落地举措。结合2021—2025年改良的三阶段实施过程，从种业自主创新、养殖生产效益、产业集群集聚以及政企产学研协同机制，四个方面量化总结改良实效。重点剖析高青黑牛本土化选育、鲁西牛保种繁育、阳信鲁蒙黑牛三元杂交、龙口西门塔尔引进改良，四类本土品种落地模式的实操路径、技术要点与产业化成效。同时指出现阶段山东肉牛育种仍存在现实短板，包括基层育种设施配置不均衡、产学研成果落地转化率偏低和上下游产业链联结松散等。从强化育种基础建设、提升科技创新转化能力、健全产业协同发展体系三方面提出针对性发展路径，旨在为山东省肉牛种业高质量发展提供支撑，也为全国肉牛遗传改良工作提供山东经验。

关键词: 肉牛, 遗传改良, 种业创新, 产业协同, 地方品种保护

Abstract:

To address bottlenecks restricting the development of China's beef cattle breeding industry and boost industrial core competitiveness, Shandong Province has built a five-in-one implementation system featuring policy empowerment, technological support, infrastructure improvement, epidemic prevention and full industrial chain extension since 2021 under the Shandong Provincial Plan for Livestock and Poultry Genetic Improvement (2021–2035). Relying on industrial statistics and field investigation data, this paper sorts out the "one belt, two zones" spatial layout of Shandong's beef cattle industry and the annual variation rules of breeding stock, slaughter volume and beef output, and elaborates five core measures including fiscal subsidy, industry-university-research breeding platform construction, preservation of indigenous cattle resources, purification of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis,and whole-industry-chain brand cultivation led by leading enterprises. Based on the three-phase improvement schedule during 2021-2025, the paper quantitatively summarizes implementation effects from four dimensions of independent breeding innovation, breeding economic benefit, industrial cluster formation and multi-party collaborative mechanism, and explores technical routes and industrial achievements of four typical improvement models including Gaoqing Black Cattle selective breeding, Luxi Cattle conservation breeding, Yangxin Lumeng Black Cattle three-way crossbreeding and localized improvement of Simmental cattle in Longkou. Existing problems such as uneven breeding infrastructure, insufficient grassroots popularization of molecular breeding technologies and low transformation rate of scientific research achievements are pointed out. Corresponding suggestions concerning infrastructure upgrading,achievement commercialization and industrial synergy are put forward to facilitate high-quality development of the local beef cattle seed industry and provide practical references for nationwide genetic improvement of beef cattle.

Key words: Beef cattle, Genetic improvement, Seed industry innovation, Industrial synergy, Local breed protection

中图分类号:

S823

姜子昕, 陶家树, 胡智胜, 宋恩亮, 刘育含, 胡莉萍. 山东省肉牛遗传改良现状及展望[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(10): 55-63.

Zixin Jiang, Jiashu Tao, Zhisheng Hu, Enliang Song, Yuhan Liu, Liping Hu. The current situation and prospects of genetic improvement of beef cattle in Shandong province[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(10): 55-63.

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项目Item	性别Sex	头数Number/头	不同月龄体重Weight at different months of age/kg
项目Item	性别Sex	头数Number/头	初生	6月龄	12月龄	18月龄	24月龄	30月龄
山东黑牛 Shandong black cattle	公	18	33.31	155.84	350.23	499.87	619.42	738.09
山东黑牛 Shandong black cattle	母	18	31.11	133.63	285.10	356.38	445.33	512.33
肉用西门塔尔牛 Meat Simmental cattle	公	14	48.64	290.47	517.62	712.56	812.52	931.24
肉用西门塔尔牛 Meat Simmental cattle	母	14	41.29	214.71	372.59	527.63	649.15	774.51

山东省肉牛遗传改良现状及展望

The current situation and prospects of genetic improvement of beef cattle in Shandong province

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