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Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (9): 113-120.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260805.001cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260602.003

• Regulation of Embryonic Development and Stem Cell Differentiation • Previous Articles    

Advances in the regulation of lineage differentiation in early livestock embryos

Yu Shi(), Liang Zhu, Sihan Ju, Zhonghua Liu(), Xiaogang Weng()   

  1. College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Hei Longjiang
  • Received:2026-01-04 Online:2026-09-26 Published:2026-09-10
  • Contact: Zhonghua Liu, Xiaogang Weng

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Abstract:

The lineage specification events during early mammalian embryogenesis are crucial for the formation of the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues, including trophoblast. These progress are orchestrated through the coordinated interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, metabolic activities, and epigenetic regulation. Although significant insight has been gained from studies on mice, the specific molecular mechanisms involved in lineage specification differ between livestock and mouse embryos. The establishment of cellular heterogeneity, the modes of lineage gene interactions, and the timing of differentiation are not uniform across species. While the dynamic regulation of energy metabolism and epigenetic modifications are highly conserved, the timing and frequency of these processes vary among different mammalian species. In contrast to mice, ungulate species exhibit a more permissive fate determination pattern during early embryogensis. This review systematically compares the mechanisms of early embryonic lineage specification between livestock and mice, providing the reference for optimizing in vitro culture systems for livestock embryos and establishing embryonic stem cell lines representing distinct pluripotent states.

Key words: Livestock embryos, Lineage differentiation, Transcription factors, Signaling pathways, Epigenetic modifications, Energy metabolism

CLC Number: 

  • S82

Fig. 1

Comparison of transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in early lineage differentiation in mouse and livestock embryos"

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