“中原牛”种公牛精液生产性能及母牛繁殖性能

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260715.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyzes the semen production performance of “Zhongyuan cattle” (Hornless Xianan cattle) bulls and the reproductive performance of cows, identifies the advantages and constraints of its breeding system, and provides a scientific basis for optimizing breeding programs, improving seed production efficiency, and promoting industrial application. Method This study utilized semen production data of 8 bulls and the estrus and breeding records from 720 cows of “Zhongyuan cattle” as research subjects, and analyzed the key indicators of semen collection performance and semen yield of breeding bulls at different ages and in different seasons, as well as the reproductive performance of cows. Result The study found that the semen production performance of bulls was significantly affected by age and season (P < 0.05). The frozen semen dose per bull at 24 months of age was 1.61 times and 1.4 times that at 16 and 18 months of age, respectively. The best production performance was observed in spring and autumn, while the worst was in summer. Semen volume and sperm concentration were not significantly affected by season (P > 0.05). Analysis of six core reproductive indicators - age at puberty, estrous cycle, age at first mating, gestation period, postpartum mating interval, and calf birth weight—revealed that the average age at puberty of "Zhongyuan Cattle" cows was 382.2 d, average estrus cycle was 20.73 d, average estrus duration was 24.4 h, average age at first mating was 484.21 days, average gestation period was 284.11 d, and the average postpartum mating interval was 65.07 days. Conclusion The optimal semen collection window for "Zhongyuan cattle" bulls is at 24 months of age and during spring and autumn. Semen collection plans should be optimized according to differences in age and season, and cooling management should be strengthened during summer. The core indicators of female reproductive cycles have clarified the basic characteristics of the estrus rhythm in this population, which can provide a basis for precise regulation of subsequent breeding timing. Timely intervention in heifer initial breeding and postpartum mating should be implemented to improve overall seed production efficiency.

Key words: "Zhongyuan cattle", Semen collection performance, Semen production volume, Reproductive performance

CLC Number:

S823

Keju Zhang, Xiangnan Wang, Gaixin Dong, Zhiyuan Lv, Zijing Zhang, Xian Liu, Shijie Lv, Fengpeng Lin, Xingshan Qi, Bowen Qu, Eryao Wang, Xinglei Qi. Semen production performance of breeding bulls and reproductive performance of cows in "Zhongyuan Cattle"[J].Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(8): 90-95.

Figures/Tables 5

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项目Items	“中原牛” Zhongyuan cattle			夏南牛 Xianan cattle^[7]
月龄Month old	16	18	24	18	24
头数Number	8	8	8	6	8
头均月采精次数Monthly semen collection times per head	3.63±0.52^b	4.75±0.46^b	8.25±1.04^a	5.30	8.00
头均采精量Average semen volume per ejaculate/mL	6.73±0.93^b	6.99±0.28^b	8.46±2.01^a	3.70	5.10
原精活力Raw semen motility	0.75	0.76	0.76	0.71	0.71
原精密度Sperm concentration/（亿·mL^-1）	8.89±1.53^b	9.87±1.40^b	11.41±2.03^a	8.60	9.60
头均剂数Frozen doses per ejaculate	250.58±59.44^b	288.79±54.08^b	404.30±185.1^a	710.3	1468.8
解冻活力Post-thaw motility	0.47	0.48	0.43	0.35	0.35

项目Items	月份Month
项目Items	3—5	6—8	9—11	12—2
头数Number of bulls	8	8	8	8
头均季采精次数Average collection frequency per bull per quarter	39.00±14.46^A	19.00±5.40^B	34.00±3.02^Aa	22.00±5.61^Bb
头均季量Average semen volume per head per quarter/mL	249.6	108.4	207.5	130.0
头均次量Average semen volume per ejaculate/mL	6.91±1.76	5.78±0.52	6.11±0.47	5.89±0.36
原精活力Raw semen motility	0.76±0.00^A	0.73±0.00^C	0.74±0.00^Bb	0.75±0.00^Aa
原精密度Sperm concentration/（亿·mL^-1）	9.59±1.80	9.41±1.74	9.08±1.16	8.76±0.81
采精总量Total frozen semen/剂	73889	25143	59760	35292
解冻活力Post-thaw motility	0.47±0.02^Aa	0.42±0.00^C	0.46±0.00^Bb	0.48±0.00^A

项目Items	中原牛Zhongyuan cattle		夏南牛Xianan cattle^[1]
项目Items	平均值	变异系数/%	平均值	变异系数/%
初情时间Age at puberty/d	382.20±40.96	10.72	372.3±59.6	16.01
发情周期Estrous cycle/d	20.73±2.25	10.85	19.6±1.2	6.12
初配时间Age at first service/d	484.21±66.30	13.69	493.2±55.8	11.31
妊娠期Gestation length/d	284.11 ±9.67	3.40	285.9±13.6	4.76
产后配种时间Postpartum breeding interval/d	65.07±14.39	22.11	60.3±23.3	38.64
犊牛初生重Birth weight/kg	36.48±6.15	16.86	37.7±10.4	27.59

项目Items	产犊头数Calf number	产犊难易度Calving difficulty statistics/头				难产率Dystocia rate/%
项目Items	产犊头数Calf number	顺产	轻微助产	难产	剖腹产	难产率Dystocia rate/%
中原牛Zhongyuan cattle	1144	1125	7	10	2	1.05
夏南牛Xianan cattle^[8]	1240	1227	-	13	-	1.05

年龄 Age/岁	母牛头数Number of cows/头	产活犊牛数Number of calves born /头	产犊率Calving rate/%
2～2.5	164	152	92.7
2.6～3.5	110	100	90.9
4.6～5.5	51	44	86.3
5.6～6.5	30	25	83.3
6.6～7.5	28	24	85.7
7.6～8.5	25	21	84.0
8.6～9.5	17	14	82.4
9.6～10.5	12	9	75.0

Semen production performance of breeding bulls and reproductive performance of cows in "Zhongyuan Cattle"

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