辽育白牛选育研究进展

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260717.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Liaoyu White cattle is a specialized beef cattle breed independently cultivated in Liaoning Province. It has the characteristics of large size, outstanding meat performance, wide adaptability, cold resistance, roughage resistance and so on. This paper presents a systematic review of over three decades of breeding endeavors dedicated to Liaoyu White cattle. It delineates the core technical pathway—encompassing hybrid improvement, crossbreeding fixation, and systematic selection—and provides quantitative validation of the breed's principal advantages, including enhanced cold and roughage tolerance, broad ecological adaptability, high carcass yield, and superior meat quality. Through a comparison of baseline evaluation metrics with contemporary census data, the study comprehensively documents genetic advancements in critical traits, such as body conformation measurements, growth performance, slaughter characteristics, and reproductive efficiency. Concurrently, Liaoning Province has pioneered a province-level, coordinated multi-stakeholder collaborative breeding model based on socialized service systems. Key innovations within this framework comprise the digital registration of elite breeding females, the establishment of large-scale core conservation farms, the formulation of region-specific technical standards, and the integration of molecular marker-assisted selection into standard breeding protocols. However, persistent challenges remain, including intensifying competition from imported breeds, a relatively limited purebred population, inadequate coordination across the industrial value chain, inconsistent funding support, and delayed brand development and promotion. To address the evolving demands of the local beef cattle industry, this study proposes strategic pathways forward, such as strengthening institutional mechanisms for collaborative breeding, developing purpose-bred new lines tailored to regional production systems, accelerating the adoption of advanced molecular breeding technologies, and enhancing the capacity and influence of leading breeding enterprises.

Key words: Liaoyu White cattle, Breeding, Variety characteristics, Production performance

CLC Number:

S823

Jing Li, Shuhuan Yang, Jia You, Shuangyong Jin. Research on breeding advancements in Liaoyu White cattle[J].Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(8): 96-102.

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项目 Item	公Male		母Female
项目 Item	2022^[2]	2010^[7]	2022^[2]	2010^[7]
数量Number/头	10	-	21	-
鬐甲高Withers height/cm	146.4±4.7	153	135.1±2.6	131
十字部高Hip height/cm	148.5±3.6	-	141.6±2.6	-
体斜长Body length/cm	185.2±10.9	194	165.3±4.6	165
胸围Heart girth/cm	220.9±11.4	226	192.1±5.6	183
腹围Abdominal girth/cm	245.7±15.9	-	234.1±9.7	-
管围Cannon circumference/cm	26.2±1.1	-	20.5±0.9	-
体重Body weight/kg	941.3±107.0	910	554.3±29.9	497

项目 Item		初生Birth		6月龄6-month-old		12月龄12-month-old		18月龄18-month-old
项目 Item		2022^[2]	2010^[8]	2022^[2]	2010^[8]	2022^[2]	2010^[8]	2022^[2]	2010^[8]
公Male	数量/头	12	-	11	-	13	-	10	-
公Male	体重/kg	43.5±3.1	43	246.8±17.9	231	412.5±20.9	380	591.9±44.2	518
母Female	数量/头	22	-	20	-	31	-	21	-
母Female	体重/kg	42.1±2.7	40	216.9±11.2	198	331.5±11.7	310	416.5±22.1	386

项目 Item	年份Year
项目 Item	2022^[2]	2010^[10]
数量Number/头	20	5
初测月龄Initial month age	12.7	6
育肥期Fattening period/月	8	16
初测体重Initial body weight/kg	392.1±41.0	191
终测体重Final body weight/kg	706.6±39.8	690
日增重Average daily gain/kg	1.2±0.1	1.0±0.1
育肥形式Feeding regime	强度育肥

项目 Item	年份Year
项目 Item	2022^[2]	2010^[13]
数量Number	10	5
育肥形式Feeding regime	强度育肥
屠宰月龄Slaughter month-old	23.6	22
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter/kg	741.8±63.6	664.8±30.5
胴体重Carcass weight/kg	451.0±47.8	396±20.7
净肉重Net meat weight/kg	378.4±39.0	339.2±21.9
骨重Bone weight/kg	56.8±8.8	-
肋骨对数Number of rib pairs	13±0	-
眼肌面积Eye muscle area/cm²	110.2±12.4	96.4±8.8
屠宰率Dressing percentage/%	60.8±2.7	59.6±1.4
净肉率Net meat percentage/%	51.0±2.6	50.9±1.8
肉骨比Meat-to-bone ratio	6.8±0.8	-
备注Remarks	热胴体

项目 Item	年份Year
项目 Item	2022^[2]	2010^[14]
数量Number	10	5
育肥形式Feeding regime	强度育肥
肌肉大理石花纹Marbling score	2.7±0.6	2.6±1.1
肉色Meat color	5.6±0.7	7±0.0
肉色-L Meat color-L	38.7±1.8	-
肉色-A Meat color-A	6.4±1.1	-
肉色-B Meat color-B	2.3±1.2	-
脂肪颜色Fat color	2.2±0.4	1±0.0
嫩度Tenderness /(kg·cm^-2)	3.3±0.5	3.8±1.5
pH_0h	6.6±0.2	6.7±0.4
pH_24h	5.4±0.2	5.9±0.2
系水力Drip loss/%	1.4±0.5	-

Research on breeding advancements in Liaoyu White cattle

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