SNP芯片开发及其在畜禽遗传育种中的应用研究进展

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips are high-throughput tools for detecting genetic variations in the genome. With the advantages of high detection efficiency and accurate genotyping, they exhibit broad application prospects in livestock and poultry breeding. Researchers have developed a variety of SNP chips, which provide important genome‑wide analytical methods for genetic breeding, breed improvement, and germplasm conservation of livestock and poultry.This paper reviews the development of SNP chips and their applications in key fields such as germplasm identification and genetic diversity analysis. Studies have shown that with the increase in SNP chip density from low to medium and high, their ability to capture genetic variations at the genome‑wide level is continuously improved, providing a reliable approach for accurate breed identification, genetic purity evaluation, and breed admixture detection.In addition, genome‑wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) based on SNP chips can rapidly identify key genes and molecular markers associated with economically important traits including growth, reproduction, and disease resistance, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of selection and the efficiency of breeding.In conclusion, SNP chips have become an important platform for genomic research and molecular breeding in livestock and poultry.

Key words: SNP chip, Breeding, Livestock and poultry

CLC Number:

Ruiqi Cheng, Huaqian Zhou, Hua Yang, Yonglin Yang, Qian Yu, Wenzhe Zhang, Yan Chen, Zongsheng Zhao, lei Cui, Chunping Ma. Research progress on SNP chip development and its application in livestock and poultry genetic breeding[J].Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(5): 61-69.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Table 1

Research and development status of sheep breeding chips"

年份Year	芯片名称 Chip name	密度Density/K	类型Type	研发单位或团队 Research institution or team	用途 Purpose	参考文献References
2009	Illumina Ovine SNP50 K BeadChip	50	固相芯片	Illumina公司与国际绵羊基因组联盟（ISGS）	绵羊基因分型、群体遗传结构分析、筛选性状相关分子标记和基因等	[25]
2020	GeneSeek Genomic Profiling (GGP) Ovine 50 K	50	固相芯片	Neogen公司	羊的亲子鉴定、筛选不良突变	[26]
2023	华羊芯	45	液相芯片	兰州大学王维民教授团队	绵羊全基因组选择育种、经济性状基因定位、遗传多样性评估等	[17]
2023	奶绵羊20 K育种芯片	20	液相芯片	西北农林科技大学宋宇轩教授团队	奶绵羊全基因组选择育种、建立种羊基因身份证、分子标记辅助选择等	[27]
2023	白泽一号	40	液相芯片	中国农业大学韩红兵教授团队	绵羊遗传多样性评估、遗传图谱构建及基因定位、种质资源鉴定、亲缘鉴定、全基因组关联分析、全基因组选择等	[18]
2024	皖羊1号	50	液相芯片	安徽农业大学凌英会教授联合北京康普森农业科技有限公司	山羊全基因组选择育种、全基因组关联分析、血统渗入及亲缘关系鉴定等	[29]
2024	“云上黑山羊”50 K育种芯片	50	液相芯片	云南省畜牧兽医科学院洪琼花研究员团队	云上黑山羊全基因组选择育种、亲缘关系鉴定等	[30]
2024	超细型细毛羊10 K液相基因芯片	10	液相芯片	山东省农业科学院田可川研究员团队和新疆畜牧科学院付雪峰研究员团队	羊基因分型、分子标记辅助育种、遗传多样性分析、种羊基因身份证研究	[28]
2025	豫羊牧芯	10	固相芯片	河南牧业经济学院权凯教授团队	预测羊的体重、生长速度、饲料转化率	[31]

Table 1

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Table 3

Table 4

References 44

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年份Year	芯片名称 Chip name	密度Density/K	类型 Types	研发单位或团队 Research institution or team	用途 Purpose	参考文献References
2016	BovineSNP50 v3 DNA Analysis BeadChip	50	固相芯片	Illumina公司与美国农业部农业研究服务局、密苏里大学和阿尔伯塔大学	全基因组选择、数量性状位点鉴定、个体遗传价值评估等	[32]
2016	GGP Bovine 100K	100	固相芯片	Neogen公司	奶牛和肉牛的遗传评估、选育等	[33]
2023	Cattle110K	110	液相芯片	中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所李俊雅团队	肉牛的遗传改良	[34]
2025	相牛1号	10	液相芯片	内蒙古民族大学吴江鸿教授团队联合内蒙古牧业技术推广中心	基因检测和遗传资源鉴定等	[35]

年份Year	芯片名称 Chip name	密度Density/K	类型Types	研发单位或团队 Research institution or team	用途 Purpose	参考文献References
2011	Chicken 60K SNP Beadchip	60	固相芯片	Illumina公司	肉鸡相关性状的遗传分析	[36]
2011	Illumina Chicken 60K SNP BeadChip	60	固相芯片	瓦赫宁根大学、华盛顿大学医学院等机构	鸡的全基因组关联研究和基因组选择育种等。	[37]
2017	京芯一号	50	液相芯片	中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所赵桂苹团队	肉鸡全基因组选择	[38]
2024	京芯一号mini	10	液相芯片	中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所赵桂苹团队	肉鸡的基因组育种	[39]

年份Year	芯片名称 Chip name	密度Density/K	类型 Type	研发单位或团队 Research institution or team	用途 Purpose	参考文献References
2021	猪50 K液相芯片	50	液相芯片	中国农业大学丁向东研究团队	遗传分析和分子育种	[40]
2022	湖南地方猪 60 K SNP芯片	60	液相芯片	中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所印遇龙院士团队与华智生物公司	对湖南地方猪进行基因型精准鉴定评估及重要性状基因的挖掘利用	[41]
2023	皖芯1号	50	液相芯片	安徽农业大学猪遗传育种创新团队与博瑞迪生物技术有限公司	地方猪的基因精准鉴定及重要性状基因的挖掘利用等	[42]
2023	皖芯2号	50	液相芯片	安徽农业大学猪遗传育种创新团队与博瑞迪生物技术有限公司	瘦肉型种猪全基因组关联分析和基因组选择育种	[42]
2024	中芯一号	100	固相芯片	温氏食品集团股份有限公司与苏州拉索生物芯片科技有限公司	家猪基因组育种	[43]
2024	PorcineWENS 100K	100	固相芯片	温氏食品集团股份有限公司与苏州拉索生物芯片科技有限公司	进行基因组选择，提高育种效率	[44]

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