吐鲁番斗鸡杂化现状及品种保护建议

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Turpan fighting cocks, as a unique local livestock and poultry genetic resource in Xinjiang, have been listed in the national protection catalog due to their distinctive fighting traits, strong environmental adaptability, and unique cultural value. However, in recent years, factors such as the introduction of foreign breeds, differences in breed standards, unclear distribution boundaries, and an imperfect conservation system have led to a sharp decline in population numbers, intensified phenotypic differentiation, and endangerment of purebred resources. This paper, through a 2022 field survey of fighting chicken populations in Turpan, Aksu, Kashgar, Hotan, and Ili in Xinjiang, analyzes the hybrid status and phenotypic differentiation of Turpan fighting cocks based on phenotypic data such as body appearance and body measurements from each region, combined with historical literature and breed standards. The investigation found significant phenotypic differentiation among chickens from different production areas, a sharp decline in population numbers, inconsistent breed standards for Turpan fighting cocks, a lack of regular genetic monitoring, and insufficient scientific guidance for farmers. In response to these issues, the paper proposes strategies such as refining phenotypic classification standards, establishing core conservation populations and genetic monitoring systems, and integrating cultural heritage with industry development, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the effective protection and precise management of Turpan fighting chicken genetic resources.

Key words: Turpan fighting cock, Phenotypic differentiation, Breed standards, Purebred preservation, Germplasm resources

CLC Number:

S831

Qingzheng Wang, Na Yang, Huie Wang, Ruihua Dang, Yinamujiang·Yalimaimaiti, Mubareke·Muhaimaite, Aierken·Alimu, Tuerdibake·Tuerxuntuoheti, Tianxin Zhao, Nurikayahan·Aili, Gemingguli·Muhatai. Current status of hybridization and breed conservation recommendations for Turpan fighting cocks[J].Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(5): 116-124.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 25

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地区Region	冠型 Comb types/%		喙型 Beak shapes/%		裸颈Bare neck/%	高脚High legged/%
地区Region	豆冠	玫瑰冠	平喙	带钩喙	裸颈Bare neck/%	高脚High legged/%
吐鲁番 Turpan	81.58	18.42	7.89	92.11	1.75	45.61
阿克苏 Aksu	80.00	20.00	30.91	69.09	9.09	99.09
和田 Hotan	100.00	-	12.24	87.76	100.00	57.14
喀什 Kashi	80.72	19.28	15.06	84.94	28.31	87.95
伊犁Ili	82.35	17.65	11.87	88.13	18.77	89.23

地区 Region	部位 Body Part	浅麻Light hemp	深麻Deep hemp	黑Black	棕Brown	灰Gray	红Red	黄Yellow	白White
吐鲁番 Turpan	颈羽 Neck feather	2	28	56	-	-	14	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	-	46	45	-	-	9	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	-	47	44	-	-	9	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	3	-	53	8	36	-	-	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	3	-	53	9	36	-	-	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	-	38	44	17	1	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	-	27	73	-	-	-	-	-
阿克苏 Aksu	颈羽 Neck feather	-	61	-	4	2	33	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	-	98	2	-	-	-	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	-	48	3	-	-	49	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	28	18	50	4	-	-	-	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	2	25	52	3	-	-	18	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	2	96	2	-	-	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	-	46	53	-	-	-	-	1
和田 Hotan	颈羽 Neck feather	55	15	-	17	13	-	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	54	27	-	-	19	-	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	53	26	12	-	-	9	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	77	-	-	23	-	-	-	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	80	-	-	20	-	-	-	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	53	27	18	-	2	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	37	2	36	-	25	-	-	-
喀什 Kashi	颈羽 Neck feather	5	44	1	8	-	42	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	-	67	27	-	-	6	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	-	64	2	-	-	34	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	32	4	53	4	-	-	7	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	10	35	44	4	-	-	7	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	-	55	41	-	4	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	-	53	44	-	3	-	-	-
伊犁 Ili	颈羽 Neck feather	-	15	11	42	-	32	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	-	43	52	-	-	5	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	-	30	18	-	-	52	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	6	5	51	-	38	-	-	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	5	38	48	-	9	-	-	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	-	53	37	6	4	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	-	53	42	-	5	-	-	-

地区Region	性别Sex	体重Body weight/g	体斜长Body length/cm	龙骨长Keel length/cm	胸宽Chest width/cm	胸深Chest depth/cm	胸角Pectoral angle/°	髋骨宽Hip width/cm	胫长Tibia length/cm	胫围Shank circumference/cm
吐鲁番Turpan	公	3525.25±367.48	24.25±1.26	15.35±1.36	11.28±1.02	14.28±0.75	93.28±12.53	7.35±0.85	12.5±0.8	6.78±0.75
吐鲁番Turpan	母	2814.29±264.77	23.11±0.72	11.98±1.62	9.95±0.87	12.54±0.48	90.58±11.37	7.01±0.65	10.23±0.68	5.34±0.8
阿克苏Aksu	公	3051.28±244.95	26.48±1.16	14.43±1.12	10.83±0.99	13.98±0.29	94.06±9.80	7.88±0.65	11.98±0.82	6.24±0.82
阿克苏Aksu	母	2455.18±141.42	24.13±0.63	11.90±1.84	9.24±0.94	12.75±0.50	89.85±8.2	7.65±0.46	10.83±0.55	5.15±0.71
喀什Kashi	公	3514.72±132.29	25.36±1.03	15.64±1.15	10.75±1.13	13.86±0.43	93.88±9.09	7.39±0.52	12.39±1.02	6.51±0.77
喀什Kashi	母	2533.33±290.59	23.58±0.49	11.72±1.75	9.81±0.51	12.07±0.84	90.93±11.74	7.02±0.71	10.95±0.62	4.93±0.77
和田Hotan	公	3316.67±208.17	24.64±0.22	15.04±1.18	11.34±0.77	14.48±0.81	93.16±11.54	7.84±0.94	13.04±0.93	5.29±0.79
和田Hotan	母	2408.75±181.34	23.44±1.35	12.09±1.53	10.23±0.54	12.58±0.58	90.97±10.37	7.24±0.62	11.19±0.61	4.83±0.52
伊犁Ili	公	3379.71±702.07	28.46±2.1	14.72±1.02	10.64±1.04	14.08±0.81	90.08±7.6	7.85±0.73	13.01±0.73	5.73±0.53
伊犁Ili	母	2472.71±540.52	24.66±2.01	13.26±1.5	9.23±1.03	12.6±1.04	85.86±8.73	7.13±0.52	10.88±0.74	4.69±0.37

Current status of hybridization and breed conservation recommendations for Turpan fighting cocks

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地区 Region	胫色 Shank color/%
地区 Region	黄	灰	黑	白	青
吐鲁番Turpan	33	-	28	3	36
阿克苏Aksu	38	1	-	45	16
和田Hotan	28	56	-	-	16
喀什Kashi	86	10	-	-	4
伊犁Ili	42	-	21	-	37

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