我国肉牛杂种优势利用研究进展与展望

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260921.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Efficient exploration and utilization of heterosis as a core breeding technique to break through the productivity bottleneck of beef cattle and drive the high-quality transformation and upgrading of China's beef cattle industry, possessing important application value for the development of modern beef cattle seed industry. However, the genetic basis of heterosis is extremely complex, and its underlying formation mechanism has not been fully elucidated, resulting in prominent limitations in its practical application for beef cattle breeding. Centering on the research framework of “mechanism analysis-prediction method-breeding application”, this article systematically elaborates the concept and breeding value of heterosis in beef cattle production, and summarizes the molecular formation mechanisms of heterosis from the perspectives of classical genetics and epigenetics. In terms of heterosis prediction, this study reviews two conventional breeding methods, namely combining ability test and genetic distance analysis, and further discusses the current application limitations and potential optimization strategies of the above methods. The development process of beef cattle breeding in China was reviewed. During the transition from traditional service functions to specialized meat production, the domestic breeding system has been initially established and production performance has also been improved to a certain extent. This article summarizes five independently cultivated beef cattle varieties in China and takes Qinchuan cattle in Shaanxi Province as a typical case to clarify the supporting role of local breeding policies in heterosis utilization. Future breeding breakthroughs will mainly focus on two core technical paths: the integrated application of multi-omics analysis and genomic selection, and the precise crossbreeding design based on indigenous cattle germplasm resources.

Key words: Beef cattle, Heterosis prediction, Crossbreeding utilization, Genomic selection, Indigenous breed

CLC Number:

S823

Xiaoyan Zhang, Shuhan Li, Yijie Fan, Tengyuan An, Na Wang, Shan Zhang, Gang Ren. Advances and future perspectives on heterosis utilization in Chinese beef cattle[J].Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(10): 44-54.

Figures/Tables 2

Fig. 1

Table 1

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品种名称 Cultivar name	育成时间 Release time	育种素材 Parental combination	核心优势性状 Main advantageous traits	杂交方式 Crossing scheme
夏南牛 Xianan cattle	2007年	父本：夏洛来母本：南阳牛	生长快、产肉率高、适应性强、高繁殖力	导入杂交、横交固定与自群繁育三个阶段
延黄牛 Yanhuang cattle	2008年	父本：利木赞母本：延边黄牛	生长快、产肉率高、肉质优异、繁殖力好、抗寒性强	系统杂交、回交与横交固定
辽育白牛 Liaoyu White cattle	2010年	父本：夏洛来母本：辽宁黄牛	体型大、生长快、产肉性能优、抗寒性强	级进杂交后开展横交固定
云岭牛 Yunling cattle	2014年	父本：莫累灰、婆罗门母本：云南黄牛	生长速度快、早熟、肉质优、繁殖力高、耐热抗蜱	三元杂交后横交固定
华西牛 Huaxi cattle	2021年	母本：蒙古牛、三河牛父本：西门塔尔、夏洛来、利木赞	生产性能卓越、生长速度突出、广适性、遗传性能稳定、繁殖性能良好	杂交筛选→种质创新→横交固定

Advances and future perspectives on heterosis utilization in Chinese beef cattle

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