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Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (7): 53-57.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260416.003cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260416.003

Special Issue: Semen production preservation and application technology;

• Animal Reproduction and Physiology • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of season and insemination protocol on estrus synchronization in Hanshan white cashmere goats

Zengyi Duan1(), Yonghe Liu2, Weiwei Li2, Shucai Liu2, Dehai Shan2, Huijuan Xu2, Jingjun Shi3, Menghao Liu1, Junjin Li1, Qi Qi1, Zhixuan Yu1, Jian Hou1()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
    2. Hanshan White Cashmere Goat Breeding Farm, Chifeng, 025150, Inner Mongolia
    3. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Ar Horqin Banner, Chifeng, 025550, Inner Mongolia
  • Received:2025-12-09 Online:2026-07-26 Published:2026-07-18
  • Contact: Jian Hou E-mail:zengyiduan@163.com;houjian@cau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective By investigating the effects of season and insemination protocol on the efficacy of estrus synchronization in Hanshan white cashmere goats, this study aims to provide data support and a reference for the large-scale application of estrus synchronization technology in this breed. Method In this experiment, during both the non-breeding and breeding seasons, Hanshan white cashmere goats were randomly divided into two groups: the timely artificial insemination group and the timed artificial insemination group. Both groups received the P4-eCG protocol, in which a progesterone (P4) sponge was intravaginally implanted for 14 days, and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was intramuscularly injected at the time of sponge removal. In the timely artificial insemination group, estrus was detected using teaser rams, and artificial insemination was performed at 12 and 24 hours after estrus detection. In the timed artificial insemination group, two timed artificial inseminations were directly performed at 48 and 60 hours after sponge removal. Result The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the estrus synchronization rate between the breeding and non-breeding seasons following the estrus synchronization protocol (P>0.05). However, both the pregnancy rate and lambing rate were significantly higher during the breeding season compared to the non-breeding season (P<0.05). Both during the non-breeding season and the breeding season, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in pregnancy rate and lambing rate between the timely artificial insemination group and the timed artificial insemination group. Conclusion In conclusion, the P4-eCG protocol achieved satisfactory estrus synchronization outcomes in Hanshan white cashmere goats, although pregnancy and lambing rates were significantly greater during the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. Considering operational convenience, the timed artificial insemination program is recommended.

Key words: Hanshan white cashmere goat, Estrus synchronization, Timely artificial insemination, Timed artificial insemination

CLC Number: 

  • S827

Fig. 1

Estrus synchronization protocol Note: AI and TAI were artificial insemination and timed artificial insemination, respectively."

Table 1

Estrus synchronization rate and estrus time distribution of Hanshan white cashmere goats after estrus synchronization treatment across different seasons"

项目Items 同期发情率Estrus synchronization rate/% 发情时间Estrus time/h
12 24 36 48 60
非繁殖季节Non-breeding season/只 95.71(67/70) 0 3 38 25 1
繁殖季节Breeding season/只 97.22(70/72) 0 6 47 17 0

Table 2

Pregnancy rate and lambing rate of Hanshan white cashmere goats after synchronization of estrus treatment in different seasons"

项目Items 非繁殖季节Non-breeding season 繁殖季节Breeding season
适时输精Timely artificial insemination 妊娠率/% 68.66(46/67)b 87.14(61/70)a
产羔率/% 64.18(43/67)b 81.43(57/70)a
定时输精Timed artificial insemination 妊娠率/% 60.66(74/122)b 79.17(95/120)a
产羔率/% 57.38(70/122)b 74.17(89/120)a

Table 3

Pregnancy rate and lambing rate of Hanshan white cashmere goats following different insemination protocols"

项目Items 适时输精Timely artificial insemination 定时输精Timed artificial insemination
非繁殖季节Non-breeding season 妊娠率/% 68.66(46/67) 60.66(74/122)
产羔率/% 64.18(43/67) 57.38(70/122)
繁殖季节Breeding season 妊娠率/% 87.14(61/70) 79.17(95/120)
产羔率/% 81.43(57/70) 74.17(89/120)
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