不同消毒方式对鸽种蛋灭菌及孵化效果的影响

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260329.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective In order to explore the effects of different disinfection methods on the microorganisms eradication on the eggshell surface and hatching effect of pigeon eggs. Method This experiment established five disinfection methods. Using the same incubator and hatching program, 15000 pigeon hatching eggs were selected and randomly divided into five groups, with 3 replicates per group and 1,000 eggs per replicate. Each group was disinfected with the corresponding method before incubation. The specific groups were designed as follows: formaldehyde + potassium permanganate fumigation (Group A), bromogeramine solution immersion (Group B), bromogeramine solution spraying (Group C), potassium permanganate solution immersion (Group D), and trichloroisocyanuric acid fumigation (Group E). The surface Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E.coli), and total bacterial counts on the eggshells before and after disinfection were measured, and the sterilization rates were calculated. Hatching-related parameters including infertile eggs, dead embryos, healthy squabs,weak squabs and dead squabs were recorded. Result The results showed that Salmonella was not detected in the experiment, and no E. coli colonies were found in all groups after disinfection. For total bacterial sterilization rate, Group B and C were significantly greater than the other groups (P < 0.05), and Group A and E were significantly greater than Group D (P < 0.05). In terms of hatching performance, Group C had the significantly highest dead embryo rate and the significantly lowest hatching rate of fertile eggs (P < 0.05), while Group E had the significantly lowest dead embryo rate (P < 0.05). The hatching rates of fertile eggs in Group A and E were significantly greater than those other groups C and D (P < 0.05). For chick performance, Group C had the significantly lowest healthy chick rate and the significantly highest dead chick rate (P < 0.05), whereas Group A and E had the significantly highest healthy chick rate (P < 0.05). The dead chick rate of Group B was significantly greater than that of Group A, D and E (P < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, Group B and C showed better sterilization effects, while Group A and E exhibited better hatching and chick performance. Group C presented the poorest overall effect. Group A achieved a balance between sterilization efficiency and hatching performance, representing the optimal comprehensive treatment.

Key words: Disinfection method, Pigeon hatching eggs, Sterilization rate, Hatching performance

CLC Number:

S836

Ming Chen, Suiyuan Lin, Ming Chen, Xiaoyun Hou, Weifeng Chen, Shiqi Guo, Yinkai Zhan, Zeting Xie, Haoze Xu, Pufei Hong, Yuanhao Han, Hongqiu Yang, Kaiyue Chang, Zhongping Wu, Yitian Chen, Yayan Liang, Xumeng Zhang. Effects of different disinfection methods on sterilization and hatching performance of pigeon hatching eggs[J].Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(5): 79-87.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Experimental Groups and disinfection methods"

组别Groups	消毒方式Disinfection methods	具体处理方式 Specific handling method	每1000枚操作成本参考 Operating cost	单批次耗时参考Single batch time consumption/min
A	甲醛＋高锰酸钾汽熏	按每1 m³空间用40%甲醛溶液5 mL＋固体高锰酸钾5 g配制成反应溶液，在容器中先放入固体高锰酸钾，再倒入甲醛溶液，反应迅速，产生水汽，密闭汽熏15 min。环境温度保持在25 ℃，相对湿度保持在60%	使用40%甲醛溶液50 mL（约0.8元）+固体高锰酸钾50 g（约1.2元），合计2.0元	配液3+汽熏15+通风10≈28
B	新洁尔灭溶液浸泡	将5%新洁尔灭溶液用37 ℃温水稀释200倍，配制成0.02%溶液，将鸽种蛋放入筛篮后浸入10～12 s，因浸泡方式下消毒剂与蛋壳接触时间更长，若不清洗可能导致残留过量，故捞出后需过清水，自然晾干	使用5%新洁尔灭溶液400 mL（约4.0元）+37 ℃温水79.6 L（水费约0.8元），合计4.8元	配液5+浸泡12 s+过清水10+晾干20≈35
C	新洁尔灭溶液喷洒	将5%新洁尔灭溶液用37 ℃温水稀释200倍，配制成0.02%溶液，用喷雾器在距离鸽蛋15～20 cm处均匀喷洒，自然晾干	使用5%新洁尔灭溶液400 mL（约4.0元）+37 ℃温水79.6 L（水费约0.8元），合计4.8元	配液5+喷洒10+自然晾干20≈33
D	高锰酸钾溶液浸泡	将固体高锰酸钾用37 ℃温水稀释200倍，配制成0.02%溶液，将鸽种蛋放入筛篮浸入10～12 s，捞出后自然晾干	高锰酸钾80 g（约1.6元）+37 ℃温水79.8 L（水费约0.8元），合计2.4元	配液5+浸泡12s+晾干20≈25
E	三氯异氰尿酸粉烟熏	按每1 m³空间用三氯异氰尿酸粉8 g，堆叠于容器中，用引线点燃后，产生气体，密闭烟熏15 min。环境温度保持在25 ℃，相对湿度保持在60%	三氯异氰尿酸粉80 g（约3.2元），合计3.2元	准备3+烟熏15+通风8≈26

Table 1

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项目Items		菌液稀释倍数Dilution multiple of bacterial suspension	组别Groups
项目Items		菌液稀释倍数Dilution multiple of bacterial suspension	A	B	C	D	E
消毒前Before disinfection	大肠杆菌数	10×	P	P	P	P	P
		100×	15.67±0.82	14.67±0.47	16.00±1.41	15.33±1.25	14.67±1.25
		菌液浓度/(CFU·mL^-1)	1.57×10²	1.47×10²	1.60×10²	1.53×10²	1.47×10²
	总细菌数	10×	P	P	P	P	P
		100×	81.67±0.47	81.33±1.25	80.67±1.70	81.33±1.70	81.67±1.25
		菌液浓度/(CFU·mL^-1)	8.17×10²	8.13×10²	8.07×10²	8.13×10²	8.17×10²
消毒后After disinfection	大肠杆菌数	10×	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
		初始菌液浓度/(CFU·mL^-1)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
		灭菌率/%	100	100	100	100	100
	总细菌数	10×	92.67±6.22^bc	63.33±4.89^cd	52.33±4.22^d	158.67±6.89^a	102.33±1.56^b
		初始菌液浓度/(CFU·mL^-1)	9.27×10³	6.33×10³	5.23×10³	1.59×10²	1.02×10³
		灭菌率/%	88.62±2.23^b	92.27±3.89^a	93.51±1.45^a	80.45±1.77^c	87.84±4.82^b

指标Indicators		A组Group A	B组Group B	C组Group C	D组Group D	E组Group E
孵化情况Hatching outcomes	受精率/%	96.06±2.10	94.84±3.45	94.84±2.78	96.66±1.39	96.63±1.87
	死胚数/个	114.67±4.51^c	121.33±8.33^b	569.33±14.01^a	123.67±3.22^b	112.33±6.03^c
	孵化数/个	853.33±7.64^a	827.67±7.37^a	374.00±29.72^b	839.67±12.66^a	859.21±26.51^a
	死胚率/%	11.64±1.11^b	12.45±0.66^b	51.48±7.49^a	11.38±1.31^b	10.64±2.78^c
	受精蛋孵化率/%	88.13±6.02^a	83.69±6.32^b	42.70±7.51^c	82.43±4.35^b	86.84±0.78^a
出雏情况Hatching performance	健雏数/只	759.3±5.33^a	741.2±4.65^a	243.3±9.21^c	733.2±7.08^b	748.5±4.16^a
	弱雏数/只	110.7±8.08^b	121.2±4.52^b	223.3±6.31^a	128.7±7.53^b	114.6±5.73^b
	健雏率/%	86.42±1.72^a	82.83±1.13^b	52.14±1.10^c	83.58±0.88^b	86.30±1.89^a
	弱雏率/%	13.58±1.72^c	18.17±1.13^b	47.86±1.10^a	19.42±0.87^b	13.70±1.89^c
	死雏率/%	0.37±0.24^c	0.54±0.14^b	1.46±0.74^a	0.40±0.18^c	0.38±0.34^c

Effects of different disinfection methods on sterilization and hatching performance of pigeon hatching eggs

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