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Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 79-87.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260329.002cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260329.002

• Animal Reproduction and Physiology • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of different disinfection methods on sterilization and hatching performance of pigeon hatching eggs

Ming Chen1(), Suiyuan Lin2, Ming Chen2(), Xiaoyun Hou2, Weifeng Chen2, Shiqi Guo2, Yinkai Zhan2, Zeting Xie2, Haoze Xu2, Pufei Hong2, Yuanhao Han2, Hongqiu Yang3, Kaiyue Chang4, Zhongping Wu2, Yitian Chen2, Yayan Liang2(), Xumeng Zhang2()   

  1. 1.Jiedong District Animal Health Inspection Station of Jieyang City, Jieyang, 522000, Guangdong
    2.College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong
    3.Nanchang Hongzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Co. , Ltd. , Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi
    4.Meizhou Jinlü Modern Agricultural Development Co. , Ltd. , Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong
  • Received:2025-10-22 Online:2026-03-26 Published:2026-06-17
  • Contact: Yayan Liang, Xumeng Zhang E-mail:chenming9801@163.com;362386654@qq.com;zhangxumeng@zhku.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective In order to explore the effects of different disinfection methods on the microorganisms eradication on the eggshell surface and hatching effect of pigeon eggs. Method This experiment established five disinfection methods. Using the same incubator and hatching program, 15000 pigeon hatching eggs were selected and randomly divided into five groups, with 3 replicates per group and 1,000 eggs per replicate. Each group was disinfected with the corresponding method before incubation. The specific groups were designed as follows: formaldehyde + potassium permanganate fumigation (Group A), bromogeramine solution immersion (Group B), bromogeramine solution spraying (Group C), potassium permanganate solution immersion (Group D), and trichloroisocyanuric acid fumigation (Group E). The surface Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E.coli), and total bacterial counts on the eggshells before and after disinfection were measured, and the sterilization rates were calculated. Hatching-related parameters including infertile eggs, dead embryos, healthy squabs,weak squabs and dead squabs were recorded. Result The results showed that Salmonella was not detected in the experiment, and no E. coli colonies were found in all groups after disinfection. For total bacterial sterilization rate, Group B and C were significantly greater than the other groups (P < 0.05), and Group A and E were significantly greater than Group D (P < 0.05). In terms of hatching performance, Group C had the significantly highest dead embryo rate and the significantly lowest hatching rate of fertile eggs (P < 0.05), while Group E had the significantly lowest dead embryo rate (P < 0.05). The hatching rates of fertile eggs in Group A and E were significantly greater than those other groups C and D (P < 0.05). For chick performance, Group C had the significantly lowest healthy chick rate and the significantly highest dead chick rate (P < 0.05), whereas Group A and E had the significantly highest healthy chick rate (P < 0.05). The dead chick rate of Group B was significantly greater than that of Group A, D and E (P < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, Group B and C showed better sterilization effects, while Group A and E exhibited better hatching and chick performance. Group C presented the poorest overall effect. Group A achieved a balance between sterilization efficiency and hatching performance, representing the optimal comprehensive treatment.

Key words: Disinfection method, Pigeon hatching eggs, Sterilization rate, Hatching performance

CLC Number: 

  • S836

Table 1

Experimental Groups and disinfection methods"

组别Groups消毒方式Disinfection methods

具体处理方式

Specific handling method

每1000枚操作成本参考

Operating cost

单批次耗时参考Single batch time consumption/min
A甲醛＋高锰酸钾汽熏按每1 m3空间用40%甲醛溶液5 mL＋固体高锰酸钾5 g配制成反应溶液，在容器中先放入固体高锰酸钾，再倒入甲醛溶液，反应迅速，产生水汽，密闭汽熏15 min。环境温度保持在25 ℃，相对湿度保持在60%使用40%甲醛溶液50 mL（约0.8元）+固体高锰酸钾50 g（约1.2元），合计2.0元配液3+汽熏15+通风10≈28
B新洁尔灭溶液浸泡将5%新洁尔灭溶液用37 ℃温水稀释200倍，配制成0.02%溶液，将鸽种蛋放入筛篮后浸入10～12 s，因浸泡方式下消毒剂与蛋壳接触时间更长，若不清洗可能导致残留过量，故捞出后需过清水，自然晾干使用5%新洁尔灭溶液400 mL（约4.0元）+37 ℃温水79.6 L（水费约0.8元），合计4.8元配液5+浸泡12 s+过清水10+晾干20≈35
C新洁尔灭溶液喷洒将5%新洁尔灭溶液用37 ℃温水稀释200倍，配制成0.02%溶液，用喷雾器在距离鸽蛋15～20 cm处均匀喷洒，自然晾干使用5%新洁尔灭溶液400 mL（约4.0元）+37 ℃温水79.6 L（水费约0.8元），合计4.8元配液5+喷洒10+自然晾干20≈33
D高锰酸钾溶液浸泡将固体高锰酸钾用37 ℃温水稀释200倍，配制成0.02%溶液，将鸽种蛋放入筛篮浸入10～12 s，捞出后自然晾干高锰酸钾80 g（约1.6元）+37 ℃温水79.8 L（水费约0.8元），合计2.4元配液5+浸泡12s+晾干20≈25
E三氯异氰尿酸粉烟熏按每1 m3空间用三氯异氰尿酸粉8 g，堆叠于容器中，用引线点燃后，产生气体，密闭烟熏15 min。环境温度保持在25 ℃，相对湿度保持在60%三氯异氰尿酸粉80 g（约3.2元），合计3.2元准备3+烟熏15+通风8≈26

Table 2

Escherichia coli and total bacterial counts on eggshell surfaces before and after disinfection disinfection in different experimental groups"

项目Items菌液稀释倍数Dilution multiple of bacterial suspension组别Groups
ABCDE
消毒前Before disinfection大肠杆菌数10×PPPPP
100×15.67±0.8214.67±0.4716.00±1.4115.33±1.2514.67±1.25
菌液浓度/(CFU·mL-1)1.57×1021.47×1021.60×1021.53×1021.47×102
总细菌数10×PPPPP
100×81.67±0.4781.33±1.2580.67±1.7081.33±1.7081.67±1.25
菌液浓度/(CFU·mL-1)8.17×1028.13×1028.07×1028.13×1028.17×102
消毒后After disinfection大肠杆菌数10×NANANANANA
初始菌液浓度/(CFU·mL-1)NANANANANA
灭菌率/%100100100100100
总细菌数10×92.67±6.22bc63.33±4.89cd52.33±4.22d158.67±6.89a102.33±1.56b
初始菌液浓度/(CFU·mL-1)9.27×1036.33×1035.23×1031.59×1021.02×103
灭菌率/%88.62±2.23b92.27±3.89a93.51±1.45a80.45±1.77c87.84±4.82b

Table 3

Hatching outcomes and hatching performance of pigeon hatching eggs under different disinfection methods"

指标IndicatorsA组Group AB组Group BC组Group CD组Group DE组Group E
孵化情况Hatching outcomes受精率/%96.06±2.1094.84±3.4594.84±2.7896.66±1.3996.63±1.87
死胚数/个114.67±4.51c121.33±8.33b569.33±14.01a123.67±3.22b112.33±6.03c
孵化数/个853.33±7.64a827.67±7.37a374.00±29.72b839.67±12.66a859.21±26.51a
死胚率/%11.64±1.11b12.45±0.66b51.48±7.49a11.38±1.31b10.64±2.78c
受精蛋孵化率/%88.13±6.02a83.69±6.32b42.70±7.51c82.43±4.35b86.84±0.78a
出雏情况Hatching performance健雏数/只759.3±5.33a741.2±4.65a243.3±9.21c733.2±7.08b748.5±4.16a
弱雏数/只110.7±8.08b121.2±4.52b223.3±6.31a128.7±7.53b114.6±5.73b
健雏率/%86.42±1.72a82.83±1.13b52.14±1.10c83.58±0.88b86.30±1.89a
弱雏率/%13.58±1.72c18.17±1.13b47.86±1.10a19.42±0.87b13.70±1.89c
死雏率/%0.37±0.24c0.54±0.14b1.46±0.74a0.40±0.18c0.38±0.34c
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