数智赋能下地方牛种质创新主要技术应用研究

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260528.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Local cattle breeds represent a national strategic animal genetic resource, endowed with irreplaceable value in terms of their distinctive meat quality and flavor, stress resistance, and environmental adaptability. In recent years, the field of digital and intelligent technologies has advanced by leaps and bounds. A new-generation integrated biotechnological breeding system, characterized by artificial intelligence, gene chips, and smart breeding platforms, is reshaping the landscape of beef cattle germplasm innovation. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research and development advancements in domestic intelligent breeding platforms and high-throughput gene chips specifically designed for beef cattle. It places particular emphasis on comparing the core features, parameter configurations, technical strengths, application scenarios, and strategic implications of three types of domestically developed chips tailored for local cattle breeding. Furthermore, it offers a detailed introduction to the establishment and operational status of several pivotal domestic intelligent breeding platforms dedicated to local beef cattle, including the National Beef Cattle Genetic Evaluation Center and Whole Genome Selection Platform, the Huaxi Cattle Intelligent Breeding Management System, the Inner Mongolia BeefNet Precision Breeding and Breeding System Cloud Platform, as well as the Ningxia Beef Cattle Breeding Information Management and Breeding Analysis System. The application of digital intelligence in empowering germplasm innovation technologies for local cattle breeds has yielded significant results. Meanwhile, it further analyzes the practical applications of machine learning and deep learning in key scenarios amid the rapid development of artificial intelligence, including intelligent phenotypic identification of beef cattle, non-destructive meat quality evaluation, optimization of genomic selection models, and full industry chain traceability. Finally, the paper points out the issues of scarcity of high-quality annotated breeding datasets, weak model interpretability, insufficient promotion and application, and difficulty in popularization among small and medium-sized ranches. It suggests solutions such as establishing unified data standards, algorithm interfaces, and computing power centers, developing small sample and federated learning, promoting open source sharing of core algorithms and models, and proposes the vision of building a unified and open intelligent local cattle breeding cloud ecosystem in the future, thereby providing a reference for the high-quality and sustainable development of China's local cattle breeding industry.

Key words: Digital and intelligent technologies, Local cattles, Germplasm innovation

CLC Number:

S823

Liya Guo, Yang Yuan, Jinxiao Wei, Guangying Zhao, Yueyu Bai, Wei Zhang. Research on the application of the major germplasm innovation technologies for local cattle breeds empowered by digital and intelligent technologies[J].Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(6): 87-95.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Comparison of the functions of three domestic beef cattle-specific gene chips"

序号NO.	项目Items	中国黄牛1号Chinese Yellow Cattle No.1	相牛1号Xiang Niu No.1	豫牛一号Yu Niu No.1
1	研发主体	西北农林科技大学国家肉牛改良中心	内蒙古民族大学	河南省农科院畜牧研究所
1	研发主体	联合康普森农业等单位	内蒙古肉牛育种联合攻关团队等	联合康普森农业等单位
2	发布时间	2025年7月	2025年2月	2025年1月
3	芯片类型	50 K液相育种芯片	10 K液相育种芯片	液相育种芯片
4	覆盖品种	全国范围：涵盖6大地理区系、38个黄牛品种（以五大良种黄牛为基础）	特定区域：专为蒙古牛及所在区域品种（如三河牛、草原红牛）设计	特定区域：专为河南地方肉牛设计（南阳牛、郏县红牛、夏南牛、皮南牛、德南牛）
5	核心参数	功能位点18500个	检测一致性99.75%	平均检出率99.3%，重复样本分型一致率99.8%
5	核心参数	数据基础：近30T重测序数据	性能达国际主流水平	针对5个河南特有肉牛种源深度解析
6	主要作用	精准育种：解决生长慢、产肉低等共性难题	身份认证：为蒙古牛提供基因“身份证”	基因组选择：大幅提升育种效率
		资源保护：防止多品种种质资源混淆	本品种选育：解决选育滞后问题	性状挖掘：解析体躯高大、肉质细腻等基因
		打破垄断：降低对国外芯片依赖	新品培育：辅助杂交新品种开发	种源保护：培育选育河南地方肉牛遗传资源
7	技术优势	高密度：信息量大，覆盖面广	专用性强：聚焦蒙古牛特异性位点	地域定制：深度匹配中原地区牛种遗传特性
		高性价比：成本低、准确性高	高效筛查：适合大规模群体快速检测	提质增效：替代传统低效表型选择
		通用性强：适配全国复杂品种结构	高效筛查：适合大规模群体快速检测	提质增效：替代传统低效表型选择
8	应用场景	面向全国肉牛企业、育种场，服务于国家种业振兴行动	应用于内蒙古及北方草原地区蒙古牛保种与改良	河南区域肉牛产业，应用于地方品种鉴定与核心群选育
9	战略意义	构建国内牛分子育种通用平台，形成国内黄牛育种技术标杆	填补蒙古牛专用芯片空白，守护北方草原牛种质资源	建立中原肉牛专属育种体系，推动河南肉牛产业现代化

Table 1

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