中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (7): 45-52.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260707.001cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260707.001

所属专题： 功能基因组学

• 生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

多组学技术在家禽遗传育种中的应用进展

范津玮1,2(), 钟梓奇1, 潘德优1, 苏之青1, 刘思宇1, 杨政1, 侯冠彧2(), 肖倩1()   

  1. 1. 海南大学动物科学与医学学院，海南 三亚 572025
    2. 中国热带农业科学院;热带作物品种资源研究所，海南 海口 571101
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-18 出版日期:2026-07-26 发布日期:2026-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 侯冠彧, 肖倩 E-mail:24220951330001@hainanu.edu.cn;guanyuhou@126.com;xiaoqian@hainanu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:
    范津玮（1998—），男，硕士研究生，海南海口人，主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究，E-mail：。
  • 基金资助:
    海南省现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(HNARS-06)

Research progress of multi-omics technology in poultry genetic breeding

Jinwei Fan1,2(), Ziqi Zhong1, Deyou Pan1, Zhiqing Su1, Siyu Liu1, Zheng Yang1, Guanyu Hou2(), Qian Xiao1()   

  1. 1. School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan
    2. Tropical Crops Genetic Resource Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan
  • Received:2025-12-18 Online:2026-07-26 Published:2026-07-18
  • Contact: Guanyu Hou, Qian Xiao E-mail:24220951330001@hainanu.edu.cn;guanyuhou@126.com;xiaoqian@hainanu.edu.cn

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摘要：

组学是系统生物学的一个分支，它专注于对生物体内某一类分子族群的全面研究。单组学是指利用一种组学技术对该类分子进行独立分析，以揭示其系统层面的作用和调控机制，而多组学则通过整合多种组学数据进行交叉分析，从而更深入地解析生物系统的整体功能和机制。本文回顾了基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学及微生物组学等单组学技术的核心研究方法及其在家禽遗传育种中的局限。在此基础上，介绍了多组学整合分析的技术优势，并从家禽产肉、肉品质、产蛋等关键经济性状的角度，综述了多组学技术在禽类遗传育种中的应用进展。此外，该文还分析了多组学技术当前所面临的挑战，并对多组学技术的未来发展方向进行了展望，以期为禽类精确育种提供重要的理论基础。

关键词: 多组学技术, 遗传育种, 家禽

Abstract:

Omics is a branch of systems biology focused on the comprehensive study of a specific class of molecular populations within an organism. Single-omics refers to the independent analysis of one such molecular class using a single omics technology to reveal its systems-level roles and regulatory mechanisms, while multi-omics integrates data from multiple omics platforms for cross-analysis, enabling a deeper investigation into the overall function and mechanisms of biological systems. This review outlines the core methodologies of single-omics technologies—including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics—and their limitations in poultry genetic breeding. Building on this foundation, it introduces the technical advantages of multi-omics integration. The application progress of multi-omics in poultry breeding is then reviewed from the perspective of key economic traits such as meat production, meat quality, and egg production. In addition, this paper also analyzes the current challenges faced by multi-omics technology, and looks forward to the future development direction of multi-omics technology, in order to provide an important theoretical basis for accurate breeding of poultry.

Key words: Multi?omics technology, Genetic breeding, Poultry

中图分类号: 

  • S831

表1

组学的常用技术和研究方法及其研究对象"

组学类别Omics category 常用技术Common techniques 研究方法Research methods 研究对象Research subjects
基因组学Genomics 全基因组重测序、靶向测序等 全基因组关联分析[4]、选择信号分析[13]等 基因组的功能、结构
转录组学Transcriptomics RNA-seq、单细胞RNA-seq等 全转录组关联分析[14]、差异表达分析[15]等 基因转录的规律和情况[16]
代谢组学Metabolomics 气相色谱-质谱联用[17]、液相色谱-质谱联用[9]等 主成分分析、偏最小二乘辨别分析等[18] 生物体在不同状态或刺激下代谢物图谱的变化[19]
蛋白质组学Proteomics 液相色谱-串联质谱 联用[20]、串联质谱标记[21]等 差异表达蛋白质分析[22]、蛋白互作网络分析等[23] 某一类细胞或组织或体液中所有蛋白质的组成及相互作用[24]
微生物组学Microbiomics 16s rRNA测序、ITS等标记基因测序[25]等 物种组成分析、α多样性分析等[26] 微生物及其生存环境或宿主间的相互作用[12]
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主管：中华人民共和国农业农村部
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