毛色遗传多样性在家畜遗传育种中的研究进展

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260427.001

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 108-115.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260427.001

毛色遗传多样性在家畜遗传育种中的研究进展

王添添¹(), 卲嘉豪¹, 段文淼¹, 鲁佳宁¹, 曾检华², 刘小红³^,⁴(), 袁晓龙¹^,⁴()

^1.华南农业大学动物科学学院/广东省农业动物基因组学与分子育种重点实验室/国家生猪种业工程技术研究中心，广东广州 510642
^2.广东壹号地方猪研究院有限公司，广东湛江 524000
^3.中山大学生命科学学院，广东广州 510275
^4.国家生猪技术创新中心，重庆，402460

收稿日期:2025-11-27 出版日期:2026-05-26 发布日期:2026-06-17
通讯作者: 刘小红,袁晓龙 E-mail:wtt661018@163.com;yxl@scau.edu.cn
作者简介:王添添（1999—），女，河南永城人，研究生，研究方向：动物遗传育种和繁殖，E-mail：wtt661018@163.com。
基金资助:
广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队(2024CXTD22);广州市重点研发计划(2024B03J1305);广东省自然科学基金(2024B1515020112);广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515030054);财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-35);国家生猪技术创新中心(NCTIP-XDB14)

Research progress on genetic diversity of coat color in livestock genetic breeding

Tiantian Wang¹(), Jiahao Shao¹, Wenmiao Duan¹, Jianing Lu¹, Jianhua Zeng², Xiaohong Liu³^,⁴(), Xiaolong Yuan¹^,⁴()

^1.National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong
^2.Guangdong Yihao Indigenous Pig Research Institute Co. Ltd, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong
^3.School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong
^4.National Pig Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing, 402460

Received:2025-11-27 Online:2026-05-26 Published:2026-06-17
Contact: Xiaohong Liu, Xiaolong Yuan E-mail:wtt661018@163.com;yxl@scau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着基因编辑与分子育种技术的发展，毛色遗传多样性在家畜遗传育种中的应用价值日益凸显。不仅是品种显著的表观特征，也是判断品种纯度的直观遗传标记。鉴于猪、牛、羊等主要家畜控制毛色的基因和遗传规律不同，本文综述了猪、牛、羊等主要家畜的毛色遗传研究进展，阐明关键毛色基因的功能与互作调控机制，梳理了不同毛色表型的遗传规律。研究表明，猪、牛、羊毛色均由MC1R、KIT、ASIP、TYR等关键基因协同调控，通过显性上位、隐性纯合、基因互作及信号通路差异，调控真黑素与褐黑素合成、黑色素细胞增殖分化及色素时空分布，最终形成白、黑、红、花斑、棕、灰等丰富多样的毛色表型，同时结合吉神黑猪、川乡黑猪、天府黑猪、辽丹黑猪、华西牛、阿什旦牦牛、天华肉羊、杜蒙羊、楚宝黑头羊等特色品种培育实例，解析毛色在品种纯化的应用路径与实践效果，以期为家畜遗传育种提供理论支持和实践指导。

关键词: 毛色, 性状, 家畜, 基因型, 遗传育种

Abstract:

With the development of gene editing and molecular breeding technology, the application value of coat color genetic diversity in livestock genetic breeding has become increasingly prominent. It is not only a significant apparent feature of the variety, but also an intuitive genetic marker for judging the purity of the variety. In view of the different genes and genetic rules of coat color control in major livestock such as pigs, cattle and sheep, this paper reviewed the research progress of coat color inheritance in major livestock such as pigs, cattle and sheep, clarified the function and interaction regulation mechanism of key coat color genes, and sorted out the genetic rules of different coat color phenotypes. Studies have shown that the color of pigs, cattle and sheep is regulated by key genes such as MC1R, KIT, ASIP and TYR. Through dominant epistasis, recessive homozygosity, gene interaction and signal pathway differences, the synthesis of true melanin and brown melanin, the proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes and the spatial and temporal distribution of pigments are regulated, and finally a variety of hair color phenotypes such as white, black, red, spotted, brown and gray are formed. At the same time, the breeding examples of Jishen black pig, Chuanxiang black pig, Tianfu black pig, Liaodan black pig, Huaxi cattle, Ashdan yak, Tianhua mutton sheep, Dumeng sheep and Chubao black sheep are combined. The application path and practical effect of coat color in variety purification were analyzed in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for livestock genetic breeding.

Key words: Coat color, Traits, Livestock, Genotype, Genetic breeding

中图分类号:

王添添, 卲嘉豪, 段文淼, 鲁佳宁, 曾检华, 刘小红, 袁晓龙. 毛色遗传多样性在家畜遗传育种中的研究进展[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(5): 108-115.

Tiantian Wang, Jiahao Shao, Wenmiao Duan, Jianing Lu, Jianhua Zeng, Xiaohong Liu, Xiaolong Yuan. Research progress on genetic diversity of coat color in livestock genetic breeding[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(5): 108-115.

图/表 3

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毛色遗传多样性在家畜遗传育种中的研究进展

Research progress on genetic diversity of coat color in livestock genetic breeding

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