中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 61-69.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.005

• 生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

SNP芯片开发及其在畜禽遗传育种中的应用研究进展

程瑞琦1,2(), 周华倩1,2, 杨华1(), 杨永林1, 余乾1, 张文喆1, 陈岩1, 赵宗胜2, 崔蕾3, 马春萍3   

  1. 1.新疆农垦科学院/省部共建绵羊遗传改良与健康养殖国家重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832099
    2.石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆 石河子 832003
    3.第六师畜牧水产发展服务中心,新疆 五家渠 236699
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-30 出版日期:2026-05-26 发布日期:2026-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 杨华 E-mail:1825491933@qq.com;yhxjcn@sina.com
  • 作者简介:程瑞琦(2001—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖,E-mail:1825491933@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划(2022TSYCCX0122);国家自然科学基金(32360818);自治区肉毛兼用绒毛用羊品种选育提升计划(2025XJRMY-03);第六师五家渠市科技计划项目(2506)

Research progress on SNP chip development and its application in livestock and poultry genetic breeding

Ruiqi Cheng1,2(), Huaqian Zhou1,2, Hua Yang1(), Yonglin Yang1, Qian Yu1, Wenzhe Zhang1, Yan Chen1, Zongsheng Zhao2, lei Cui3, Chunping Ma3   

  1. 1.Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Shihezi, 832099, Xinjiang
    2.College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang
    3.XinjiangAnimal Husbandry and Fishery Development Service Center of the 6th Division, Wujiaqu, 236699, Xinjiang
  • Received:2025-10-30 Online:2026-05-26 Published:2026-06-17
  • Contact: Hua Yang E-mail:1825491933@qq.com;yhxjcn@sina.com

摘要:

SNP芯片是一种高通量检测基因组中遗传变异的工具,具有检测效率高、分型准确等优势,在畜禽育种中具有广阔的应用前景。研究人员已研发出多种SNP芯片,在畜禽遗传育种、品种改良、种质保护等方面提供重要的基因组水平分析方法。该文综述了SNP芯片的发展及其在畜禽种质资源鉴定、遗传多样性分析等重要领域的应用等方面内容。研究表明,随着SNP芯片密度从低密度向中高密度发展,其在全基因组范围内捕获遗传变异的能力不断提升,为精准鉴定畜禽品种、评估遗传纯度和检测品种混杂提供了可靠手段。同时,基于SNP芯片的全基因组关联分析(GWAS)和基因组选择(GS)技术,能够快速定位与生长、繁殖、抗病等经济性状相关的关键基因和分子标记,显著提高选种的准确性和育种效率。综上,SNP芯片已成为畜禽基因组研究和分子育种的重要平台。

关键词: SNP芯片, 遗传育种, 畜禽

Abstract:

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips are high-throughput tools for detecting genetic variations in the genome. With the advantages of high detection efficiency and accurate genotyping, they exhibit broad application prospects in livestock and poultry breeding. Researchers have developed a variety of SNP chips, which provide important genome‑wide analytical methods for genetic breeding, breed improvement, and germplasm conservation of livestock and poultry.This paper reviews the development of SNP chips and their applications in key fields such as germplasm identification and genetic diversity analysis. Studies have shown that with the increase in SNP chip density from low to medium and high, their ability to capture genetic variations at the genome‑wide level is continuously improved, providing a reliable approach for accurate breed identification, genetic purity evaluation, and breed admixture detection.In addition, genome‑wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) based on SNP chips can rapidly identify key genes and molecular markers associated with economically important traits including growth, reproduction, and disease resistance, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of selection and the efficiency of breeding.In conclusion, SNP chips have become an important platform for genomic research and molecular breeding in livestock and poultry.

Key words: SNP chip, Breeding, Livestock and poultry

中图分类号: 

  • S81

图1

SNP芯片技术原理"

表1

羊育种芯片研发情况"

年份Year

芯片名称

Chip name

密度Density/K类型Type

研发单位或团队

Research institution or team

用途

Purpose

参考文献References
2009Illumina Ovine SNP50 K BeadChip50固相芯片Illumina公司与国际绵羊基因组联盟(ISGS)绵羊基因分型、群体遗传结构分析、筛选性状相关分子标记和基因等[25]
2020GeneSeek Genomic Profiling (GGP) Ovine 50 K50固相芯片Neogen公司羊的亲子鉴定、筛选不良突变[26]
2023华羊芯45液相芯片兰州大学王维民教授团队绵羊全基因组选择育种、经济性状基因定位、遗传多样性评估等[17]
2023奶绵羊20 K育种芯片20液相芯片西北农林科技大学宋宇轩教授团队奶绵羊全基因组选择育种、建立种羊基因身份证、分子标记辅助选择等[27]
2023白泽一号40液相芯片中国农业大学韩红兵教授团队绵羊遗传多样性评估、遗传图谱构建及基因定位、种质资源鉴定、亲缘鉴定、全基因组关联分析、全基因组选择等[18]
2024皖羊1号50液相芯片安徽农业大学凌英会教授联合北京康普森农业科技有限公司山羊全基因组选择育种、全基因组关联分析、血统渗入及亲缘关系鉴定等[29]
2024“云上黑山羊”50 K育种芯片50液相芯片云南省畜牧兽医科学院洪琼花研究员团队云上黑山羊全基因组选择育种、亲缘关系鉴定等[30]
2024超细型细毛羊10 K液相基因芯片10液相芯片山东省农业科学院田可川研究员团队和新疆畜牧科学院付雪峰研究员团队羊基因分型、分子标记辅助育种、遗传多样性分析、种羊基因身份证研究[28]
2025豫羊牧芯10固相芯片河南牧业经济学院权凯教授团队预测羊的体重、生长速度、饲料转化率[31]

表2

牛育种芯片研发情况"

年份Year

芯片名称

Chip name

密度Density/K

类型

Types

研发单位或团队

Research institution or team

用途

Purpose

参考文献References
2016BovineSNP50 v3 DNA Analysis BeadChip50固相芯片Illumina公司与美国农业部农业研究服务局、密苏里大学和阿尔伯塔大学全基因组选择、数量性状位点鉴定、个体遗传价值评估等[32]
2016GGP Bovine 100K100固相芯片Neogen公司奶牛和肉牛的遗传评估、选育等[33]
2023Cattle110K110液相芯片中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所李俊雅团队肉牛的遗传改良[34]
2025相牛1号10液相芯片内蒙古民族大学吴江鸿教授团队联合内蒙古牧业技术推广中心基因检测和遗传资源鉴定等[35]

表3

鸡育种芯片研发"

年份Year

芯片名称

Chip name

密度Density/K类型Types

研发单位或团队

Research institution or team

用途

Purpose

参考文献References
2011Chicken 60K SNP Beadchip60固相芯片Illumina公司肉鸡相关性状的遗传分析[36]
2011Illumina Chicken 60K SNP BeadChip60固相芯片瓦赫宁根大学、华盛顿大学医学院等机构鸡的全基因组关联研究和基因组选择育种等。[37]
2017京芯一号50液相芯片中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所赵桂苹团队肉鸡全基因组选择[38]
2024京芯一号mini10液相芯片中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所赵桂苹团队肉鸡的基因组育种[39]

表4

猪育种芯片研发"

年份Year

芯片名称

Chip name

密度Density/K

类型

Type

研发单位或团队

Research institution or team

用途

Purpose

参考文献References
2021猪50 K液相芯片50液相芯片中国农业大学丁向东研究团队遗传分析和分子育种[40]
2022湖南地方猪 60 K SNP芯片60液相芯片中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所印遇龙院士团队与华智生物公司对湖南地方猪进行基因型精准鉴定评估及重要性状基因的挖掘利用[41]
2023皖芯1号50液相芯片安徽农业大学猪遗传育种创新团队与博瑞迪生物技术有限公司地方猪的基因精准鉴定及重要性状基因的挖掘利用等[42]
2023皖芯2号50液相芯片安徽农业大学猪遗传育种创新团队与博瑞迪生物技术有限公司瘦肉型种猪全基因组关联分析和基因组选择育种[42]
2024中芯一号100固相芯片温氏食品集团股份有限公司与苏州拉索生物芯片科技有限公司家猪基因组育种[43]
2024PorcineWENS 100K100固相芯片温氏食品集团股份有限公司与苏州拉索生物芯片科技有限公司进行基因组选择,提高育种效率[44]
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