我国肉牛遗传改良“十四五”回顾与“十五五”展望：成效、瓶颈与攻坚路径

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260731.003

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 28-37.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260731.003cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260731.003

我国肉牛遗传改良“十四五”回顾与“十五五”展望：成效、瓶颈与攻坚路径

白雪¹(), 李芬², 马云¹()

^1. 宁夏大学动物科技学院/宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室，宁夏银川 750021
^2. 宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院，宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2026-02-09 出版日期:2026-10-26 发布日期:2026-09-29
通讯作者: 马云
作者简介:
白雪（1998—），女，山西吕梁人，博士研究生，研究方向：动物遗传与育种，E-mail： baixue333work@163.com。
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区杰出科技人才项目(032503060082); 国家自然科学基金项目(32472871); 国家自然科学基金项目(U22A201658); 国家生物育种科技重大专项(2023ZD0404803); 宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2024BBF01007); 宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01006)

The 14th Five-Year Plan review and the 15th Five-Year Plan outlook for beef cattle genetic improvement in China: Progress, problems, and countermeasures

Xue Bai¹(), Fen Li², Yun Ma¹()

^1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University/ Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
^2. College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China

Received:2026-02-09 Online:2026-10-26 Published:2026-09-29
Contact: Yun Ma

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肉牛产业是我国畜牧业的重要组成部分。“十四五”期间，我国肉牛遗传改良计划在政策引导、科技支撑、体系建设等方面取得突破性进展，形成了多区域协同推进、多品种协同选育、多技术协同应用的发展格局。本文围绕肉牛改良计划组织实施、分品种/区域选育进展、育种技术创新应用三大核心内容，系统梳理肉牛遗传改良计划的实施举措与成效，总结地方品种、培育品种及引入品种的选育经验，分析传统技术升级与新技术研发应用成果。针对当前存在的短板与挑战，本文从本土种质资源保护与开发结构性失衡、生产性能与国际先进水平差距显著、产业发展结构性矛盾突出三个维度进行剖析，并从夯实本土种质资源保护与开发基础、对标国际加快生产性能提升、统筹破解产业发展结构性矛盾三个方面提出针对性建议，以期为“十五五”期间肉牛遗传改良工作提供参考，助力肉牛种质资源创新利用，推动肉牛遗传改良实现种源自主可控，为我国肉牛种业振兴、产业高质量发展及畜牧业强国建设提供理论参考与实践支撑。

关键词: 肉牛, 遗传改良, 地方黄牛, 育种新技术

Abstract:

The beef cattle industry is a vital part of China's animal husbandry. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, national beef cattle genetic improvement programs achieved remarkable progress via policy guidance, technological support and system construction, forming a collaborative pattern across regions, breeds and technologies. This paper reviews the implementation and outcomes of the programs, summarizes breeding experience of local, cultivated and introduced breeds, and analyzes advances in conventional and emerging breeding technologies. In view of the current shortcomings and challenges, this paper analyzes them from three dimensions: the structural imbalance in the development and conservation of native germplasm resources, the significant gap in production performance compared with international advanced levels, and the prominent structural contradictions in industrial development. Accordingly, it puts forward targeted recommendations from three aspects: consolidating the foundation for the conservation and development of native germplasm resources, benchmarking against international standards to accelerate production performance improvement, and taking coordinated measures to resolve structural contradictions in industrial development. This study is expected to provide theoretical references for genetic improvement of beef cattle during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, aiming to facilitate the innovative utilization of beef cattle germplasm resources, promote the achievement of independent and controllable germplasm sources in beef cattle genetic improvement, and provide theoretical reference and practical support for the revitalization of China's beef cattle seed industry, high-quality industrial development, and the building of a strong livestock country.

Key words: Beef cattle, Genetic improvement, Local yellow cattle, New breeding technologies

中图分类号:

S823

白雪, 李芬, 马云. 我国肉牛遗传改良“十四五”回顾与“十五五”展望：成效、瓶颈与攻坚路径[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(10): 28-37.

Xue Bai, Fen Li, Yun Ma. The 14th Five-Year Plan review and the 15th Five-Year Plan outlook for beef cattle genetic improvement in China: Progress, problems, and countermeasures[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(10): 28-37.

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我国肉牛遗传改良“十四五”回顾与“十五五”展望：成效、瓶颈与攻坚路径

The 14th Five-Year Plan review and the 15th Five-Year Plan outlook for beef cattle genetic improvement in China: Progress, problems, and countermeasures

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