中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (9): 12-25.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260602.003cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260805.001

• 畜禽干细胞基础研究与应用 •    下一篇

家畜早期胚胎发育及胚胎来源干细胞研究进展

何金运1, 赵子墨1, 张啸微1, 冯志强1, 高登峰2, 郅明雷1()   

  1. 1. 中国农业大学生物学院/畜禽生物育种全国重点实验室/分子设计育种前沿科学中心，北京 100093
    2. 四川农业大学动物科学技术学院，四川 成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31 出版日期:2026-09-26 发布日期:2026-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 郅明雷
  • 作者简介:
    何金运（2006—），女，四川成都人，中国农业大学生物学院2024级生物科学（理科试验班）本科生。现阶段在郅明雷副教授指导下开展科研训练。大学生创新创业训练计划国家级项目负责人。研究方向：生命科学，E-mail：。
    高登峰（1993—），男，山西柳林人，博士，研究方向：家畜胚胎发育及生物信息学，E-mail：四川农业大学博士后。2023年于中国农业大学获得理学博士学位，师从韩建永教授。致力于以生物信息学方法解析物种发育及调控。具体方向包括：家畜早期胚胎发育及其调控机制解析，昼夜节律调控脂肪沉积等。以共同第一作者身份在Nature Communi-cations、Cell Reports、Aging Cell等国际主流期刊上发表了多篇学术论文。主持国家自然科学基金青年基金项目。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32402757); 国家自然科学基金(32502849); 国家科技重大专项(2025ZD0552101); 重庆英才大会首届卓越工程师大赛揭榜攻坚赛揭榜应征项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2025TC140); 中国农业大学2115人才工程

Advances in early embryonic development and embryo-derived stem cells in livestock

Jinyun He1, Zimo Zhao1, Xiaowei Zhang1, Zhiqiang Feng1, Dengfeng Gao2, Minglei Zhi1()   

  1. 1. College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093
    2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan
  • Received:2025-12-31 Online:2026-09-26 Published:2026-09-10
  • Contact: Minglei Zhi

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摘要：

家畜胚胎来源干细胞分离自家畜早期胚胎，兼具自我更新能力与多向分化潜能。胚胎干细胞的分离建系本质上是对体内多能性状态的捕获与体外维持；而家畜早期胚胎/胚外组织发育过程中的多能性动态演变，则为界定胚胎来源干细胞的多能性特征提供了关键参照。本综述聚焦猪、牛、羊等家畜的早期胚胎发育及其胚胎来源干细胞研究，系统梳理了合子基因组激活、第一/二次胚胎谱系特化及胚胎原肠化等关键事件，并从发育时序、信号通路、分子表达和表型特征等维度，比较了家畜早期胚胎发育与人类、小鼠的异同。在此基础上，本文进一步按发育潜能对胚胎来源干细胞进行归类，从扩展多能干细胞、胚胎干细胞和胚外干细胞三个层面综述了家畜相关研究的最新进展，系统比较了三类干细胞在分离时期、细胞与分子特征、关键培养体系及多能性/发育潜能等方面的差异，并展望了其在胚胎及器官发育模拟、遗传育种改良和细胞培养肉生产等方面的应用前景。此外，本文还深入讨论了家畜胚胎来源干细胞研究面临的瓶颈与挑战，涵盖多能性维持与定向分化的精准调控、嵌合体形成及跨物种应用、基因编辑效率与准确性的提升、干细胞胚胎克隆技术等，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，以期为家畜胚胎发育和干细胞研究提供参考。

关键词: 家畜, 胚胎发育, 胚胎来源干细胞

Abstract:

Embryo-derived stem cells derived from livestock early embryos possess both self-renewal capacity and multidirectional differentiation potential. The isolation and establishment of embryo-derived stem cell lines essentially represent the capture of the pluripotent state from in vivo embryos and its in vitro maintenance; the dynamic evolution of pluripotency during early embryonic and extraembryonic development in livestock provides a key reference for defining the pluripotent characteristics of embryo-derived stem cells. This review focuses on early embryonic development and embryo-derived stem cell research in livestock such as pigs, cattle, and sheep. It systematically outlines key events including zygotic genome activation, the first and second lineage specification, and gastrulation, and compares the similarities and differences between early embryonic development in livestock and that in humans and mice from perspectives such as developmental timing, signaling pathways, molecular expression, and phenotypic features. On this basis, the review further categorizes embryo-derived stem cells according to their developmental potential, summarizing the latest research progress in livestock from three aspects: expanded pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and extra-embryonic stem cells. It systematically compares the differences between these three types of stem cells in terms of isolation stage, cellular and molecular characteristics, key culture systems, and pluripotency and developmental potential, and discusses their application prospects in areas such as embryo and organ development modeling, genetic breeding improvement, and cell-cultured meat production. Furthermore, the review delves into the bottlenecks and challenges faced by research on livestock embryo-derived stem cells, covering precise regulation of pluripotency maintenance and directed differentiation, chimera formation and cross-species applications, improvement of gene editing efficiency and accuracy, stem cell embryo cloning technologies, among others. It also provides an outlook on future research directions, aiming to offer references for studies on livestock embryonic development and stem cells.

Key words: Livestock, Embryonic development, Embryo-derived stem cells

中图分类号: 

  • S81

图1

家畜（猪、牛、羊）、小鼠与人类胚胎关键发育事件及发生时间的综合比较 注：E、ICM、TE、TB、EPI、PrE、ExE、VE、AC、YS、PS、Meso和Ecto分别代表胚胎发育天数、内细胞团、滋养外胚层、滋养层、上胚层、原始内胚层、胚外外胚层、内脏内胚层、羊膜腔、卵黄囊、原条、中胚层和外胚层。本图使用Adobe Illustrator 2024绘制。"

图2

家畜胚胎来源干细胞培养体系汇总 注：本图汇总了猪、牛、羊等常见畜禽胚胎来源干细胞的基础培养基、饲养层、基础补充剂、细胞因子和小分子抑制剂。EPSC、naïve ESC、formative ESC、primed ESC、XEN和TSC分别代表扩展多能干细胞、原始态胚胎干细胞、形成态胚胎干细胞、启动态胚胎干细胞、胚外内胚层干细胞和滋养层干细胞。本图使用Adobe Illustrator 2024绘制。"

图3

家畜胚胎来源干细胞应用前景 注：本图使用Adobe Illustrator 2024绘制。"

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