家畜早期胚胎细胞谱系分化调控研究进展

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260805.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

哺乳动物早期胚胎发育过程中发生的两次谱系分化，是构建胚胎本体及滋养层等胚外结构的核心发育事件。其发生过程依赖信号通路、转录因子、代谢活动与表观遗传调控的协同作用，目前以小鼠为代表的模式动物研究较为深入。尽管核心转录因子、能量代谢模式与表观修饰的动态调控在物种间高度保守，但是家畜胚胎与小鼠谱系分化过程中涉及的具体分子机制不尽相同。在不同物种间细胞异质性建立、谱系基因互作方式与分化时间窗口并不一致。尽管能量代谢的阶段性重塑与表观修饰的动态调控在跨物种中呈现高度保守性，但在不同哺乳动物间调控时序及其频率分布不尽相同。相较于小鼠，有蹄类哺乳动物的早期胚胎发育呈现更为宽松、类似的命运决定格局。本文系统比较了家畜与小鼠早期胚胎谱系分化机制的差异，以期为家畜胚胎体外培养体系优化及不同多能性状态的胚胎干细胞系建立提供参考。

关键词: 家畜胚胎, 谱系分化, 转录因子, 信号通路, 表观修饰, 能量代谢

Abstract:

The lineage specification events during early mammalian embryogenesis are crucial for the formation of the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues, including trophoblast. These progress are orchestrated through the coordinated interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, metabolic activities, and epigenetic regulation. Although significant insight has been gained from studies on mice, the specific molecular mechanisms involved in lineage specification differ between livestock and mouse embryos. The establishment of cellular heterogeneity, the modes of lineage gene interactions, and the timing of differentiation are not uniform across species. While the dynamic regulation of energy metabolism and epigenetic modifications are highly conserved, the timing and frequency of these processes vary among different mammalian species. In contrast to mice, ungulate species exhibit a more permissive fate determination pattern during early embryogensis. This review systematically compares the mechanisms of early embryonic lineage specification between livestock and mice, providing the reference for optimizing in vitro culture systems for livestock embryos and establishing embryonic stem cell lines representing distinct pluripotent states.

Key words: Livestock embryos, Lineage differentiation, Transcription factors, Signaling pathways, Epigenetic modifications, Energy metabolism

中图分类号:

时禹, 朱梁, 鞠思含, 刘忠华, 翁晓刚. 家畜早期胚胎细胞谱系分化调控研究进展[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(9): 113-120.

Yu Shi, Liang Zhu, Sihan Ju, Zhonghua Liu, Xiaogang Weng. Advances in the regulation of lineage differentiation in early livestock embryos[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(9): 113-120.

图/表 1

图1

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