中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (9): 55-65.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260610.002cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260610.002

• 干细胞工程与种质资源创新 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于家畜ESCs创制克隆动物的挑战与展望

刘波1(), 韩赛铮1, 沙芳芳1, 沈文文1, 唐子怀1, 吴伟伟2, 郑文新3, 周世卫1, 魏迎辉1, 王小龙1()   

  1. 1. 西北农林科技大学/农业农村部动物生物育种国际联合研究中心/陕西省动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室，陕西 杨凌 712100
    2. 新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧科学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
    3. 新疆农业大学，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-19 出版日期:2026-09-26 发布日期:2026-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 王小龙
  • 作者简介:
    刘波（1996—），男，新疆伊犁人，研究方向：动物遗传育种与繁殖，E-mail：。
  • 基金资助:
    农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD0407504); 陕西省两链融合重点专项(2022GD-TSLD-46); 宁夏重点研发计划(205BBF01006); 国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系项目(CARS-39-03)

Challenges and prospects of generating cloned animals with livestock embryonic stem cells (ESCs)

Bo Liu1(), Saizheng Han1, Fangfang Sha1, Wenwen Shen1, Zihuai Tang1, Weiwei Wu2, Wenxin Zheng3, Shiwei Zhou1, Yinghui Wei1, Xiaolong Wang1()   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, MARA International Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources Utilization, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi
    2. Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang
    3. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang
  • Received:2025-11-19 Online:2026-09-26 Published:2026-09-10
  • Contact: Xiaolong Wang

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摘要：

家畜胚胎干细胞（Embryonic stem cells， ESCs）因具有无限自我更新和多向分化潜能，被认为是克隆动物创制、精准遗传改良及种质资源保存的重要细胞基础。近年来，随着体细胞核移植（Somatic cell nuclear transfer， SCNT）和基因编辑技术的发展，家畜ESCs在动物生物育种中的应用潜力不断提升。然而，受种间胚胎发育模式及多能性调控差异的影响，家畜ESCs仍存在建系效率低、多能性维持困难及重编程不完全等问题，限制了其在SCNT中的应用效率。研究表明，家畜ESCs在体外培养过程中易发生自发分化导致遗传不稳定，不同多能性状态对核移植后的胚胎发育潜能也存在显著影响。同时，SCNT过程中异常的组蛋白修饰和DNA甲基化重塑会导致胚胎基因表达紊乱，是克隆效率低和胚胎发育失败的重要原因。相比体细胞供体，ESCs具有较低分化程度和更开放的染色质状态，在提高核重编程效率方面表现出一定优势，而诱导多能干细胞等新型干细胞的出现，也为克隆动物创制和基于细胞的基因编辑提供了新的技术路径。本文结合近年来家畜ESCs与SCNT领域的研究进展，重点综述了ESCs建系与多能性维持、表观遗传重编程调控以及ESCs介导的克隆动物创制等关键问题，并对功能性ESCs体系构建、精准表观遗传调控及干细胞与基因编辑技术协同进行了展望，以期为提高家畜克隆效率及推动动物生物育种技术发展提供参考。

关键词: 家畜ESCs, 克隆动物, 体细胞核移植, 表观遗传重编程

Abstract:

Livestock embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which possess unlimited self-renewal capacity and multidirectional differentiation potential, are considered important cellular foundations for cloning precise genetic improvement, and germplasm resource conservation. In recent years, with the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and gene-editing technologies, the application value of livestock ESCs in animal breeding biotechnology has continued to increase. However, due to species-specific differences in embryonic development patterns and pluripotency regulatory mechanisms between livestock and model animals, livestock ESCs still face several challenges, including low establishment efficiency, difficulty in maintaining pluripotency, and incomplete reprogramming, which greatly restrict their application in SCNT. Studies have shown that livestock ESCs are prone to spontaneous differentiation, and resulting in genetic instability, and different pluripotent states can significantly affect the developmental potential of reconstructed embryos after nuclear transfer. Meanwhile, abnormal histone modifications and insufficient DNA methylation reprogramming during SCNT can lead to disordered embryonic gene expression, which are considered major causes of low cloning efficiency and embryonic developmental failure. Compared with somatic donor cells, ESCs exhibit a lower degree of differentiation and a more open chromatin state, providing certain advantages for improving nuclear reprogramming efficiency. In addition, the emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells and other novel stem cell types has provided new technological avenues for the generation of cloned animals and cell-based genome editing. Based on recent advances in livestock ESCs and SCNT research, this review focuses on key issues including ESC establishment and pluripotency maintenance, epigenetic reprogramming regulation, and ESC-mediated cloned animal production. Furthermore, future perspectives on the establishment of functional ESC systems, precise epigenetic regulation, and the combined application of stem cell and gene-editing technologies are discussed, with the aim of providing references for improving livestock cloning efficiency and promoting the development of animal breeding biotechnology.

Key words: Livestock embryonic stem cells, Cloned animals, Somatic cell nuclear transfer, Epigenetic reprogramming

中图分类号: 

  • S81
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