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Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 86-95.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260907.006cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260907.006

• Germplasm Utilization • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comparison of growth performance, breeding cost and benefit between Chinese Simmental cattle and Xinjiang Brown cattle

Lingling Zu1(), Pengxiang Ren2, Juan Geng3()   

  1. 1. Aksu Regional Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Aksu, 843000, China
    2. Aksu Regional Livestock Technology Extension Center, Aksu, 843000, China
    3. Animal Husbandry General Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
  • Received:2026-05-10 Online:2026-10-26 Published:2026-09-29
  • Contact: Juan Geng

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Abstract:

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the growth performance, breeding cost and cost-benefit differences between Chinese Simmental cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle under the same barn feeding conditions, and to provide data support for the selection of Xinjiang beef cattle varieties, the optimization of fattening mode and the determination of slaughter timing. Method A 300‐day homogeneous barn‐feeding fattening controlled trial was conducted. The two breeds were compared in terms of cost per unit weight gain, marginal gross profit from forage feed, and input–output ratio. Result The findings revealed that: Chinese Simmental cattle exhibited significantly higher body weights at all monthly age points than Xinjiang Brown cattle, with an average daily gain of 1.51 kg/d, markedly higher than the 1.18 kg/d recorded for Xinjiang Brown cattle;the daily forage feed cost for Simmental cattle was CNY 28.79, higher than the CNY 23.86 for Xinjiang Brown cattle; however, the feed cost per unit weight gain was lower for Simmental (CNY 18.63/kg) than for Xinjiang Brown (CNY 19.86/kg); Simmental cattle had significantly higher weight gain output value and forage feed marginal gross profit per head, and achieved a feed input–output ratio of 1.36:1, outperforming the 1.27:1 ratio of Xinjiang Brown cattle. Conclusion It is concluded that under large‐scale barn‐fattening systems, Chinese Simmental cattle exhibit faster growth rates, superior feed conversion efficiency, lower unit weight‐gain costs, and higher marginal returns, thus demonstrating significantly better overall economic performance than Xinjiang Brown cattle. Conversely, Xinjiang Brown cattle show greater roughage tolerance and lower daily feeding input costs, making them more suitable for grazing and semi‐grazing systems. Therefore, it is recommended that large‐scale standardised feedlots prioritise Chinese Simmental cattle, while farming–pastoral households with access to natural pastures may adopt differentiated feeding strategies for Xinjiang Brown cattle.

Key words: Chinese Simmental cattle, Xinjiang Brown cattle, Growth performance, Daily gain, Breeding cost, Economic benefit

CLC Number: 

  • S823

Table 1

Basic diet composition and nutrition level"

原料

Ingredient/%

前期

Early stage

(1-100 d)

中期Mid‑stage

(101-200 d)

后期

Late stage

(201-300 d)

营养水平

Nutritional level/%

前期

Early stage

(1-100 d)

中期

Mid‑stage

(101-200 d)

后期

Late stage

(201-300 d)
玉米Corn 45.0 52.0 60.0 代谢能ME/(MJ·kg-1) 11.55 11.68 12.05
小麦麸Wheat bran 8.0 7.0 5.0 粗蛋白质CP 12.85 12.10 11.75
大豆饼Soybean cake 8.0 7.0 5.0 粗脂肪EE 4.48 4.52 4.55
高粱Sorghum 5.0 5.0 4.0 钙Ca 0.86 0.84 0.81
米糠Rice bran 4.0 3.0 2.0 总磷Total P 0.45 0.43 0.41
棉籽饼Cottonseed cake 4.0 3.0 2.0
食盐NaCl 0.5 0.5 0.5
小苏打NaHCO3 0.5 1.0 1.5
青贮玉米Corn silage 15.0 13.0 12.0
苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay 5.0 4.0 3.0
玉米秸秆Corn stover 3.0 3.0 3.0
黑麦草Ryegrass 2.0 1.5 2.0
合计Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Fig. 1

Body weight curves of two cattle breeds"

Table 2

Comparison of growth performance of two cattle breeds at different fattening phases"

育肥阶段

Fattening stage

指标

Indicator

中国西门塔尔牛

Chinese Simmental cattle

新疆褐牛

Xinjiang Brown cattle

P值

P‑value
前期Early stage(1～100 d) 阶段增重/kg 137.35±5.80a 112.46±6.38b 0.006
平均日增重/（kg·d-1） 1.53±0.06a 1.25±0.07b 0.006
中期Mid‑stage(101～200 d) 阶段增重/kg 137.81±5.99a 107.84±5.87b 0.001
平均日增重/（kg·d-1） 1.53±0.07a 1.20±0.07b 0.001
后期Late stage(201‑300 d) 阶段增重/kg 133.19±7.58a 97.38±6.59b 0.001
平均日增重/（kg·d-1） 1.48±0.08a 1.08±0.07b 0.001
全期Whole period(1‑300d) 总增重/kg 408.35±7.76a 317.67±4.77b <0.001
平均日增重/（kg·d-1） 1.51±0.03a 1.18±0.02b <0.001

Fig. 2

Monthly average daily gain of two cattle breeds"

Table 3

Fitting parameters of growth curve models for two cattle breeds"

品种Breed 模型Model A B k R2 RSS AIC

中国西门塔尔牛

Chinese Simmental cattle

 Logistic 1070.1 2.371 0.177 0.997 417.9 43.33
Brody 4719.8 0.935 0.011 0.997 355.2 41.70
Gompertz 1352.4 1.465 0.094 0.997 375.5 42.26
Bertalanffy 1583.1 0.419 0.066 0.997 366.1 42.00

新疆褐牛

Xinjiang Brown cattle

 Logistic 735.7 2.556 0.207 0.999 98.9 28.92
Brody 2215.9 0.912 0.019 0.999 104.3 29.45
Gompertz 902.2 1.496 0.113 0.999 90.6 28.04
Bertalanffy 1030.5 0.421 0.082 0.999 92.6 28.25

Fig. 3

Monthly dietary cost of two cattle breeds"

Fig. 4

Monthly forage-feed cost per kilogram gain of two cattle breeds"

Table 4

Comparison of breeding cost and benefit between two breeds during 300-day stall-feeding fattening (per head)"

项目Item 中国西门塔尔牛Chinese Simmental cattle 新疆褐牛Xinjiang Brown cattle
300 d标准化总增重300‑d standardized total weight gain/kg 417.0 324.0
平均日增重ADG/(kg·d-1) 1.39 1.08
日均饲草料成本Average daily forage cost/(元·d-1) 28.79 23.86
全期饲草料总成本Whole‑period total forage cost/元 8602.8 7158.0
单位增重饲草料成本Forage cost per unit weight gain/(元·kg-1) 18.63 19.86
增重产值Weight‑gain output value/元 11676.0 9 072.0
饲草料边际毛利Forage marginal gross profit/元 3073.2 1914.0
饲草料投入产出比Forage input‑output ratio 1.36∶1 1.27∶1
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