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Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (7): 28-37.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260602.001cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260602.001

Special Issue: Functional genomics

• Biotechnology • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Dynamic regulation mechanism of lipid metabolism methylation during the formation of goose fatty liver

Luyu Huang1(), Mingai Zhang1,2, Bin Yue2, Min Kong1, ZhongYi Hou2, Yajing Jiang1, Xingyi Teng1, JiaLing Liu1, XueXiang Lai3, SaiChao Zheng1, Baowei Wang1,2(), Wenlei Fan1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong
    2. Institute of High Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong
    3. College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong
  • Received:2025-09-08 Online:2026-07-26 Published:2026-07-18
  • Contact: Baowei Wang, Wenlei Fan E-mail:495688544@qq.com;wangbw1959@qq.com;fanwenlei@qau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective The purpose of this study was to reveal the role of DNA methylation regulation in the formation of goose fat liver, in order to further screen and explore the key metabolic pathways and differential methylation genes related to the formation of goose fat liver, so as to improve the epigenetic regulation mechanism of goose fat liver formation. Methods In this study, three 70-day-old Lander geese with the same physiological status and health status were selected from the same batch for liver sample collection in the early stage (7 days), middle stage (16 days) and late stage of feeding (25 days). Results The results showed that a total of 266.2G of valid data were obtained by sequencing, with an average Q30 of 87.57%, a match rate of about 74%, and a CT conversion efficiency of > 99.4%. Among the methylated cytosine detected in the whole genome, the CpG context type accounted for about 65% and the methylation level was about 20%. CHG and CHH types accounted for about 0.7%, and the methylation levels were about 4% and 1.4%, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the samples at each feeding stage were clearly differentiated. Among the gene function regions, the exon region had the highest methylation level and the lowest promoter region. In the comparison group in the early and middle stage of feeding, 524 differential methylated region (DMR) methylation levels increased and 427 DMR methylation levels decreased. In the middle and late stage of feeding, 432 DMR methylation levels increased and 236 DMR methylation levels decreased. The differential genes in the early and middle stages were significantly enriched in 121 KEGG pathways, and 829 GO entries were obtained, among which insulin signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway were closely related to lipid deposition, involving 6 genes such as MAPK10 and IL6. The differential genes in metaphase and late stage were enriched into 96 KEGG pathways, and 629 GO entries were obtained, among which MAPK signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway were significantly enriched, and 13 related genes including MAPK10, PCK1, and PLA2G4A were obtained. Conclusion The DMR is mainly enriched in key genes related to lipid metabolism, and its formation is synergisticly regulated by multiple pathways such as FoxO signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, etc., and the methylation levels of key candidate genes MAPK10, PCK1, PLA2G4A are associated with the formation of goose fat liver.

Key words: Goose fatty liver, DNA methylation, Lipid metabolism, Molecular mechanism

CLC Number: 

  • S835

Table 1

Output situation of DNA methylation resequencing data of foie gras liver DNA methylation resequencing data output situation"

样本

Samples

有效reads

Effective reads

比对reads

Comparison reads

C/T转化率

C/T conversion rate

比对率

Comparison rate/%

 Q30/%
前期-1 Early-1 29130791700 22663755943 0.994884552 77.80 90.63
前期-2 Early-2 29253349800 22583586046 0.994809201 77.20 90.91
前期-3 Early-3 29070828300 21512412942 0.994877554 74.00 86.96
中期-1 Middle-1 28905671100 21158951245 0.995017668 73.20 86.09
中期-2 Middle-2 31352284200 22824462898 0.995071942 72.80 86.99
中期-3 Middle-3 29842813800 21755411260 0.995101413 72.90 86.94
后期-1 Final-1 29220756300 20805178486 0.995159206 71.20 86.23
后期-2 Final-2 30281492100 21772392820 0.995517081 71.90 87.14
后期-3 Final-3 29216945100 20890115747 0.995057107 71.50 86.22

Table 2

The composition ratio of methylated C in different distribution types and their methylation levels"

样本

Samples

 mC mC甲基化水平mC Methylation level mCpG/% mCpG甲基化水平mCpG Methylation level mCHG/% mCHG甲基化水平mCHGMethylation level mCHH/% mCHH甲基化水平mCHHMethylation level
前期-1 Early-1 4210763360 3.96 64.947 19.79 0.707 4.15 0.719 1.41
前期-2 Early-2 4266739976 4.08 65.608 19.36 0.717 4.14 0.728 1.41
前期-3 Early-3 3907388946 4.0 66.683 20.25 0.705 4.15 0.724 1.41
中期-1 Middle-1 3869687066 3.82 64.957 20.59 0.691 4.17 0.705 1.41
中期-2 Middle-2 4201846089 3.90 65.146 20.09 0.678 4.16 0.690 1.41
中期-3 Middle-3 4074214208 3.82 62.979 19.90 0.678 4.17 0.689 1.41
后期-1 Final-1 3871948203 3.86 64.917 20.24 0.675 4.19 0.685 1.40
后期-2 Final-2 4044916377 3.79 64.593 20.44 0.646 4.18 0.662 1.40
后期-3 Final-3 3873964105 3.87 65.082 20.30 0.691 4.18 0.707 1.41

Fig. 1

Basic characteristics of whole-genome methylation and sample relationship analysis​"

Fig. 2

Manhattan plots and the number of differential methylation for different over-feeding stages"

Table 3

The methylation level was negatively correlated with the gene expression level in each periods"

时期Time 基因名Name of gene 基因功能Function of genes 甲基化Methylation of DNA 表达量Quantity of expression

前期与中期

Early and middle

 SLC6A15 solute carrier family 6 members 15 hyper down
Mc2r melanocortin 2 receptor hyper down
MMRN1 multimerin 1 hyper down
DYNLRB2 dynein light chain roadblock-type 2 hyper down
TENM2 teneurin transmembrane protein 2 hyper down
FRMPD2 FERM and PDZ domain containing 2 hypo up
DHX32 DEAH-box helicase 32 hypo up
SORCS1 sortilin-related VPS10 domain-containing receptor 1 hypo up

中期与后期

Middle and final

 ANGPTL5 angiopoietin like 5 hyper down
DNAH10 dynein axonemal heavy chain 10 hypo up
CCDC187 coiled-coil domain containing 187 hypo up
PCK1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 hypo up

Fig. 3

GO enrichment map of differential methylation in different over-feeding periods"

Fig. 4

Differential methylation KEGG enrichment maps across different over-feeding stages"

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