猪胚胎冷冻保存技术研究进展

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Porcine embryo cryopreservation technology serves as a key approach for the conservation and efficient utilization of pig germplasm resources, as well as for the creation of new gene-edited pig breeds. However, due to the high lipid content in porcine embryos and their extreme sensitivity to low temperatures, the post-thaw survival rate and subsequent developmental potential of cryopreserved embryos still lag significantly behind those of fresh embryos. A technical system capable of supporting large-scale applications has yet to be established. This article systematically introduces the importance of porcine embryo cryopreservation and the limitations of conventional slow-freezing methods. It focuses on discussing the current research status and main directions of vitrification cryopreservation technology, elaborating on recent advances in improving cryoprotectants and optimizing freezing protocols for porcine vitrification. Furthermore, it highlights the latest breakthroughs in using high-throughput sequencing technologies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cryo-induced damage in porcine embryos at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Finally, it proposes that future efforts should integrate artificial intelligence models, metabolic reprogramming, and automated loading devices to further enhance the developmental potential of cryopreserved embryos, thereby laying a solid foundation for the long-term preservation and industrial application of local pig genetic resources.

Key words: Porcine embryo, Embryo freezing, Vitrification

CLC Number:

S828

Zhiguo Liu, Lei Huang, Yilong Wen, Yulian Mu. Advances in cryopreservation of porcine embryos[J].Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(5): 88-95.

Figures/Tables 4

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References 55

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胚胎Embryo	冷冻方法Methods	解冻存活率Survival rate	移植产仔率Farrowing rate	参考文献References
囊胚Blastocyst	常规缓慢冷冻法	31.0%±10.2%		[1]
囊胚Blastocyst	OPS	65%	55%	[18-20]

载体 Carrier	冷却速度 Cooling rate/(℃·min^-1)	装载体积 Loading volume/μL	特点 Features	参考文献References
传统细管Straw	～2000	250	降温速率慢，易形成冰晶，猪囊胚冻融后的胚胎平均存活率在31%	[1,7,21]
OPS	＞20000	1～2	通过减小内径提升换热效率，猪胚胎解冻存活率显著提高	[21]
SOPS	～30000	＜1	换热更快，但每次仅能装载4～6个胚胎	[21,38]
Cryotop	＞40000	＜0.1	换热效率极高，支持20枚胚胎同步冷冻	[37-40]

Advances in cryopreservation of porcine embryos

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