濒危牛种质资源保护：技术融合与范式重构

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260714.001

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (9): 78-84.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260714.001cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260714.001

• 干细胞工程与种质资源创新 • 上一篇下一篇

濒危牛种质资源保护：技术融合与范式重构

卢丽婷¹(), 王晶², 于阳¹, 顾士钢², 张怡¹, 张裕荣², 余大为²(), 黄永业¹()

^1. 东北大学生命科学与健康学院，辽宁沈阳 110169
^2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所，北京 100193

收稿日期:2025-12-05 出版日期:2026-09-26 发布日期:2026-09-10
通讯作者: 余大为, 黄永业
作者简介:
卢丽婷（2002—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为基因编辑与表达调控，E-mail：luliting0824@163.com。
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2025D01D23); 西藏自治区重点研发计划(CGZH2023000257); 国家重点研发计划(2024YFD12007000)

Conservation of endangered cattle germplasm resources: Technological integration and paradigm shift

Liting Lu¹(), Jing Wang², Yang Yu¹, Shigang Gu², Yi Zhang¹, Yurong Zhang², Dawei Yu²(), Yongye Huang¹()

^1. College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, Liaoning
^2. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193

Received:2025-12-05 Online:2026-09-26 Published:2026-09-10
Contact: Dawei Yu, Yongye Huang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球大型动物，尤其是濒危牛种，正面临栖息地丧失、种群碎片化与遗传多样性下降等多重威胁。这些物种不仅是维持生态系统结构与功能的关键成员，还承载着深厚的文化与历史记忆。传统以栖息地保护与圈养繁殖为主的保护策略，在应对小种群遗传退化和气候变化等挑战时已显乏力，难以有效遏制遗传多样性的持续流失与种群长期生存力的衰退。本文从基因组信息解码、多组学整合、生殖与基因工程技术突破以及智能监测体系构建等多个角度，系统探讨如何通过技术融合推动保护范式的根本性转变。种质资源保护领域需建立一套融合基因组学、生殖工程、基因编辑、信息技术与智能生态监测等前沿科技的系统保护方案，实现从被动“抢救式保存”到主动“可持续恢复”的跨越，不仅挽救物种免于灭绝，更致力于恢复其野外种群的健康、适应性与进化潜力。

关键词: 牛, 基因组, 体细胞核移植, 人工智能, 基因编辑

Abstract:

Large animals worldwide, particularly endangered cattle species, faced multiple threats including habitat loss, population fragmentation, and genetic diversity erosion. These species are not only crucial components for maintaining ecosystem structure and function but also embody profound cultural and historical significance. However, traditional conservation strategies, which primarily relied on habitat protection and captive breeding, proved inadequate in addressing emerging challenges such as genetic degradation in small populations and climate change. These limitations hindered effective prevention of ongoing genetic diversity loss and the decline in long-term population viability. To address these issues, this study undertook a systematic exploration of how technological integration could drive a fundamental transformation in the conservation paradigm. The investigation examined multiple aspects: the decoding of genomic information, the integration of multi-omics data, breakthroughs in reproductive and genetic engineering technologies, and the establishment of intelligent monitoring systems. The ultimate objective was the development of a replicable and scalable systematic conservation framework. This framework aims to achieve a transition from passive "rescue conservation" to proactive "sustainable recovery," with the goal not only of preventing species extinction but also of restoring the health, adaptability, and evolutionary potential of wild populations.

Key words: Cattle, Genome, Somatic cell nuclear transfer, Artificial intelligence, Gene editing

中图分类号:

S823

卢丽婷, 王晶, 于阳, 顾士钢, 张怡, 张裕荣, 余大为, 黄永业. 濒危牛种质资源保护：技术融合与范式重构[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(9): 78-84.

Liting Lu, Jing Wang, Yang Yu, Shigang Gu, Yi Zhang, Yurong Zhang, Dawei Yu, Yongye Huang. Conservation of endangered cattle germplasm resources: Technological integration and paradigm shift[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(9): 78-84.

图/表 1

图1

参考文献 45

[1]	RIPPLE W J, WOLF C, NEWSOME T M, et al. Extinction risk is most acute for the world’s largest and smallest vertebrates[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017, 114(40): 10678-10683.
[2]	张建军, 李俊生, 吴军, 等. 中国生物多样性保护进展与转型策略[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 106-118.
	ZHANG J J, LI J S, WU J, et al. Progress and Transformation Strategies in Biodiversity Conservation in China[J]. Biodiversity, 2023, 31(9): 106-118.
[3]	KARDOS M, ARMSTRONG E E, FITZPATRICK S W, et al. The crucial role of genome-wide genetic variation in conservation[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021, 118(48): e2104642118.
[4]	DÍAZ S, SETTELE J, BRONDÍZIO E S, et al. The IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Summary for Policymakers[R]. Bonn: IPBES, 2019.
[5]	SUPPLE M A, SHAPIRO B. Conservation of biodiversity in the genomics era[J]. Genome Biology, 2018, 19(1): 131.
[6]	FENG S H, FANG Q, BARNETT R, et al. The genomic footprints of the fall and recovery of the crested Ibis [J]. Current Biology, 2019, 29(2): 340-349.e7.
[7]	VAN DER VALK T, DÍEZ-DEL-MOLINO D, MARQUES-BONET T, et al. Historical genomes reveal the genomic consequences of recent population decline in eastern gorillas[J]. Current Biology, 2019, 29(1): 165-170.e6.
[8]	SARAGUSTY J, LOI P. Towards the application of assisted reproductive technologies in endangered mammals: Challenges and prospects[J]. Theriogenology Wild, 2022, 1: 100004.
[9]	COMIZZOLI P, HOLT W V. Breakthroughs and new horizons in reproductive biology of rare and endangered animal species[J]. Biology of Reproduction, 2019, 101(3): 514-525.
[10]	TUIA D, KELLENBERGER B, BEERY S, et al. Perspectives in machine learning for wildlife conservation[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 792.
[11]	IVOŠEVIĆ B, HAN Y G, CHO Y, et al. The use of conservation drones in ecology and wildlife research[J]. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 2015, 38(1): 113-118.[12] KARDOSM, ÅKESSONM, FOUNTAINT, et al. Genomic consequences of intensive inbreeding in an isolated wolf population[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2018, 2(1): 124-131.
[13]	MACHOVÁ K, ŠTRUNCOVÁ P, CALTA J, et al. Genealogical analysis of European Bison population revealed a growing up population despite very low genetic diversity[J]. PLoS One, 2022, 17(11): e0277456.
[14]	ROBINSON J A, ORTEGA-DEL VECCHYO D, FAN Z X, et al. Genomic flatlining in the endangered island fox[J]. Current Biology, 2016, 26(9): 1183-1189.
[15]	MESBAH-UDDIN M, HOZE C, MICHOT P, et al. A missense mutation (p.Tyr452Cys) in the CAD gene compromises reproductive success in French Normande cattle[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2019, 102(7): 6340-6356.
[16]	LI H, DURBIN R. Inference of human population history from individual whole-genome sequences[J]. Nature, 2011, 475(7357): 493-496.
[17]	EXCOFFIER L, DUPANLOUP I, HUERTA-SÁNCHEZ E, et al. Robust demographic inference from genomic and SNP data[J]. PLoS Genetics, 2013, 9(10): e1003905.
[18]	STORZ J F. High-altitude adaptation: mechanistic insights from integrated genomics and physiology[J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2021, 38(7): 2677-2691.
[19]	POTTS R W A, GUTIERREZ A P, PENALOZA C S, et al. Potential of genomic technologies to improve disease resistance in molluscan aquaculture[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences, 2021, 376(1825): 20200168.
[20]	马艳林, 倪华, 黄翔辉, 等. 不同季节帕米尔盘羊肠道微生物群落结构解析[J]. 生态学报, 2025, 45(12): 6056-6066.
	MA Y L, NI H, HUANG X H, et al. Analysis of the gut microbiota community structure of Ovis ammon polii in different seasons[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2025, 45(12): 6056-6066.
[21]	YER E N, BALOGLU M C, AYAN S. Identification and expression profiling of all Hsp family member genes under salinity stress in different poplar clones[J]. Gene, 2018, 678: 324-336.
[22]	LANZA R P, CIBELLI J B, DIAZ F, et al. Cloning of an endangered species (Bos gaurus) using interspecies nuclear transfer[J]. Cloning, 2000, 2(2): 79-90.
[23]	FOLCH J, COCERO M J, CHESNÉ P, et al. First birth of an animal from an extinct subspecies (Capra pyrenaica Pyrenaica) by cloning[J]. Theriogenology, 2009, 71(6): 1026-1034.
[24]	GAO C, ZHOU X Y, GU S G, et al. Establishment of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer and transgene-free inducible pluripotent stem cells for versatile conservation of the germplasm resource of wild boar[J]. Animal Research and One Health, 2025.
[25]	YU DW, NIMA QZ, CAO L, et al. Hybrid yak-cattle in situ conservation via interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer at ultra-high-altitude region. bioRxiv. 2025
[26]	齐浩南, 霍浩楠, 曹磊, 等. 体细胞核移植克隆西藏濒危樟木牛[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(12): 5740-5748.
	QI H N, HUO H N, CAO L, et al. Cloning of the endangered Zhangmu cattle via somatic cell nuclear transfer in Xizang[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(12): 5740-5748.
[27]	MERTON J S, DE ROOS A P W, MULLAART E, et al. Factors affecting oocyte quality and quantity in commercial application of embryo technologies in the cattle breeding industry[J]. Theriogenology, 2003, 59(2): 651-674.
[28]	TAKAHASHI K, YAMANAKA S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors[J]. Cell, 2006, 126(4): 663-676.
[29]	HAYASHI K, OGUSHI S, KURIMOTO K, et al. Offspring from oocytes derived from in vitro primordial germ cell-like cells in mice[J]. Science, 2012, 338(6109): 971-975.
	HAYASHI K, OGUSHI S, KURIMOTO K, et al. Offspring from oocytes derived from in vitro primordial germ cell-like cells in mice[J]. Science, 2012, 338(6109): 971-975.
[30]	GYIMESI M, KOVÁCS A, VARGA E, et al. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene correction of a dominant mutation in a bovine model of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 112.
[31]	GAO Y P, WU H B, WANG Y S, et al. Single Cas9 nickase induced generation of NRAMP1 knockin cattle with reduced off-target effects[J]. Genome Biology, 2017, 18(1): 13.
[32]	ARAVINDH S, SILPA M V, VOGGU S P, et al. Epigenetic mechanisms associated with livestock adaptation to heat stress[J]. Biology, 2025, 14(9): 1154.
[33]	THAKORE P I, D’IPPOLITO A M, SONG L Y, et al. Highly specific epigenome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 repressors for silencing of distal regulatory elements[J]. Nature Methods, 2015, 12(12): 1143-1149.
[34]	REDFORD K H, ADAMS W, MACE G M. Synthetic biology and conservation of nature: wicked problems and wicked solutions[J]. PLoS Biology, 2013, 11(4): e1001530.
[35]	SATHIYA A, ANGEL D, ISWARYA M, et al. IoT enabled healthcare framework using edge AI and advanced wearable sensors for real time health monitoring[C]. //2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative Intelligence (ICMSCI). January 20-22, 2025, Erode, India. IEEE, 2025: 384-392.
[36]	SARAGUSTY J, DIECKE S, DRUKKER M, et al. Rewinding the process of mammalian extinction[J]. Zoo Biology, 2016, 35(4): 280-292.
[37]	EKBLOM R, BRECHLIN B, PERSSON J, et al. Genome sequencing and conservation genomics in the Scandinavian wolverine population[J]. Conservation Biology, 2018, 32(6): 1301-1312.
[38]	LEWIN H A, RICHARDS S, LIEBERMAN AIDEN E, et al. The Earth BioGenome Project 2024: Expanding genomic resources for global biodiversity conservation and sustainable development[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2024, 121(25): e2400953121.
[39]	LACHER T E, BUTCHART S H M, GUMBS R, et al. The status, threats and conservation of Critically Endangered species[J]. Nature Reviews Biodiversity, 2025, 1(7): 421-438.
[40]	SPEAKER T, O'DONNELL S, WITTEMYER G, et al. A global community-sourced assessment of the state of conservation technology[J]. Conservation Biology, 2022, 36(3): e13871.
[41]	BERGER-TAL O, BLUMSTEIN D T, SWAISGOOD R R. Conservation translocations: a review of common difficulties and promising directions[J]. Animal Conservation, 2020, 23(2): 121-131.
[42]	YAO Q G, CHENG S, PAN Q L, et al. Organoids: development and applications in disease models, drug discovery, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine[J]. MedComm, 2024, 5(10): e735.
[43]	AKPOVIRI F I, BAHARUM S N, ZAINOL Z A. Digital sequence information and the access and benefit-sharing obligation of the convention on biological diversity[J]. NanoEthics, 2023, 17(1): 1.
[44]	CAMPS-VALLS G, FERNÁNDEZ-TORRES M Á, COHRS K H, et al. Artificial intelligence for modeling and understanding extreme weather and climate events[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16: 1919.
[45]	KOHL P A, BROSSARD D, SCHEUFELE D A, et al. Public views about editing genes in wildlife for conservation[J]. Conservation Biology, 2019, 33(6): 1286-1295.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

濒危牛种质资源保护：技术融合与范式重构

Conservation of endangered cattle germplasm resources: Technological integration and paradigm shift

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 1

参考文献 45

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	梁佑臣, 赵健晓, 张棋梦, 曹智, 薛倩, 李国辉, 孙红艳, 牛英杰, 左其生, 韩威, 李碧春, 靳锴. 家禽胚胎干细胞的研究与应用进展[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(9): 26-36.
[2]	刘波, 韩赛铮, 沙芳芳, 沈文文, 唐子怀, 吴伟伟, 郑文新, 周世卫, 魏迎辉, 王小龙. 基于家畜ESCs创制克隆动物的挑战与展望[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(9): 55-65.
[3]	鞠思含, 朱梁, 赵温倩, 刘忠华, 翁晓刚. DLK1-DIO3印记簇在家畜胚胎发育中的研究进展[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(9): 95-102.
[4]	昝林森. 国际肉牛育种进展对我国地方黄牛遗传改良的启示[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 10-18.
[5]	曹晓瑶, 李姣, 王亭, 熊兰玲, 蔡向庭, 冯思远, 王泽昭, 郑彩宏, 陈燕, 张路培, 高雪, 高会江, 朱波, 李俊雅. 中国肉牛遗传改良研究进展与未来展望：从“追赶”到“创新”的种业振兴之路[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 19-31.
[6]	喇永富, 梁春年. 牦牛繁育关键技术创新应用、挑战及对策[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 32-41.
[7]	鲍迪, 孙铭, 秦立红. 吉林省肉牛遗传改良研究进展[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 42-47.
[8]	王宏浩, 刘彦杰, 张元庆. 山西肉牛育种：聚焦“太行云牛”的遗传改良实践[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 48-53.
[9]	彭朋, 刘廷玉, 赵慧峰, 赵博伟, 李素霞, 徐华, 李树静, 王昆. 河北省肉牛遗传改良现状、存在的问题及发展建议[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 54-60.
[10]	冯豆, 邓红雨, 王利宁, 姚嘉伦, 贺磊, 全清华, 贺倩倩, 张震. 河南省肉牛发展现状及策略研究[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 61-67.
[11]	索朗曲吉, 普布占堆, 李斌, 斯朗旺姆, 温东旭, 赵丽, 嘎玛央宗, 次仁罗布, 陈晓英, 尼玛, 西热强马, 达瓦, 扎西坚参, 拉巴次仁, 张楠, 马毅, 陈宁博. 藏青牛遗传资源现状及种质特性鉴定研究[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 68-78.
[12]	杨武才, 杨本顺, 刘文杰, 周正海, 谭建兵, 孔贤亚, 昝林森. 中国黄牛保种、选育及产业化利用现状与发展建议[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 79-89.
[13]	张科举, 王香南, 董改新, 吕志远, 张子敬, 刘贤, 吕世杰, 林凤鹏, 祁兴山, 屈博文, 王二耀, 祁兴磊. “中原牛”种公牛精液生产性能及母牛繁殖性能[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 90-95.
[14]	李静, 杨术环, 尤佳, 金双勇. 辽育白牛选育研究进展[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 96-102.
[15]	程万里, 杨明宇, 席磊, 李转见, 郭玉洁. 畜禽重要表型智能测定技术研究进展与展望[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(7): 7-16.