辽育白牛选育研究进展

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260717.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

辽育白牛是辽宁省自主培育的专门化肉牛品种，具有体型大、肉用性能突出、适应性广、耐寒、耐粗饲等特点。本文系统梳理辽育白牛三十余年培育历程，还原杂交改良、横交固定、系统选育三阶段技术路线，量化呈现其耐寒耐粗饲、广域适配、产肉与肉质突出的品种优势，结合普查数据对比审定初期指标，全面展示体尺、生长、屠宰、繁殖等性状的遗传选育进展。在持续选育过程中，辽宁省探索建立了省级统筹、多方联动的社会化联合育种模式，总结良种母牛数字化登记、规模化核心保种场建设、配套地方标准搭建、分子基因辅助育种等创新经验。同时剖析了外来牛种竞争、纯种群体规模偏小、产业链协同不足、资金投入不稳、品牌推广滞后等产业现存痛点。结合本土肉牛种业发展需求，提出完善联合育种机制、培育专用新品系、加速分子育种技术转化、做强育种龙头、完善产业链运营等发展路径，为国内自主肉牛种质资源保护、持续选育与产业化可持续开发提供翔实数据参考与产业决策依据。

关键词: 辽育白牛, 选育, 品种特性, 生产性能

Abstract:

Liaoyu White cattle is a specialized beef cattle breed independently cultivated in Liaoning Province. It has the characteristics of large size, outstanding meat performance, wide adaptability, cold resistance, roughage resistance and so on. This paper presents a systematic review of over three decades of breeding endeavors dedicated to Liaoyu White cattle. It delineates the core technical pathway—encompassing hybrid improvement, crossbreeding fixation, and systematic selection—and provides quantitative validation of the breed's principal advantages, including enhanced cold and roughage tolerance, broad ecological adaptability, high carcass yield, and superior meat quality. Through a comparison of baseline evaluation metrics with contemporary census data, the study comprehensively documents genetic advancements in critical traits, such as body conformation measurements, growth performance, slaughter characteristics, and reproductive efficiency. Concurrently, Liaoning Province has pioneered a province-level, coordinated multi-stakeholder collaborative breeding model based on socialized service systems. Key innovations within this framework comprise the digital registration of elite breeding females, the establishment of large-scale core conservation farms, the formulation of region-specific technical standards, and the integration of molecular marker-assisted selection into standard breeding protocols. However, persistent challenges remain, including intensifying competition from imported breeds, a relatively limited purebred population, inadequate coordination across the industrial value chain, inconsistent funding support, and delayed brand development and promotion. To address the evolving demands of the local beef cattle industry, this study proposes strategic pathways forward, such as strengthening institutional mechanisms for collaborative breeding, developing purpose-bred new lines tailored to regional production systems, accelerating the adoption of advanced molecular breeding technologies, and enhancing the capacity and influence of leading breeding enterprises.

Key words: Liaoyu White cattle, Breeding, Variety characteristics, Production performance

中图分类号:

S823

李静, 杨术环, 尤佳, 金双勇. 辽育白牛选育研究进展[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 96-102.

Jing Li, Shuhuan Yang, Jia You, Shuangyong Jin. Research on breeding advancements in Liaoyu White cattle[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(8): 96-102.

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项目 Item	公Male		母Female
项目 Item	2022^[2]	2010^[7]	2022^[2]	2010^[7]
数量Number/头	10	-	21	-
鬐甲高Withers height/cm	146.4±4.7	153	135.1±2.6	131
十字部高Hip height/cm	148.5±3.6	-	141.6±2.6	-
体斜长Body length/cm	185.2±10.9	194	165.3±4.6	165
胸围Heart girth/cm	220.9±11.4	226	192.1±5.6	183
腹围Abdominal girth/cm	245.7±15.9	-	234.1±9.7	-
管围Cannon circumference/cm	26.2±1.1	-	20.5±0.9	-
体重Body weight/kg	941.3±107.0	910	554.3±29.9	497

项目 Item		初生Birth		6月龄6-month-old		12月龄12-month-old		18月龄18-month-old
项目 Item		2022^[2]	2010^[8]	2022^[2]	2010^[8]	2022^[2]	2010^[8]	2022^[2]	2010^[8]
公Male	数量/头	12	-	11	-	13	-	10	-
公Male	体重/kg	43.5±3.1	43	246.8±17.9	231	412.5±20.9	380	591.9±44.2	518
母Female	数量/头	22	-	20	-	31	-	21	-
母Female	体重/kg	42.1±2.7	40	216.9±11.2	198	331.5±11.7	310	416.5±22.1	386

项目 Item	年份Year
项目 Item	2022^[2]	2010^[10]
数量Number/头	20	5
初测月龄Initial month age	12.7	6
育肥期Fattening period/月	8	16
初测体重Initial body weight/kg	392.1±41.0	191
终测体重Final body weight/kg	706.6±39.8	690
日增重Average daily gain/kg	1.2±0.1	1.0±0.1
育肥形式Feeding regime	强度育肥

项目 Item	年份Year
项目 Item	2022^[2]	2010^[13]
数量Number	10	5
育肥形式Feeding regime	强度育肥
屠宰月龄Slaughter month-old	23.6	22
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter/kg	741.8±63.6	664.8±30.5
胴体重Carcass weight/kg	451.0±47.8	396±20.7
净肉重Net meat weight/kg	378.4±39.0	339.2±21.9
骨重Bone weight/kg	56.8±8.8	-
肋骨对数Number of rib pairs	13±0	-
眼肌面积Eye muscle area/cm²	110.2±12.4	96.4±8.8
屠宰率Dressing percentage/%	60.8±2.7	59.6±1.4
净肉率Net meat percentage/%	51.0±2.6	50.9±1.8
肉骨比Meat-to-bone ratio	6.8±0.8	-
备注Remarks	热胴体

项目 Item	年份Year
项目 Item	2022^[2]	2010^[14]
数量Number	10	5
育肥形式Feeding regime	强度育肥
肌肉大理石花纹Marbling score	2.7±0.6	2.6±1.1
肉色Meat color	5.6±0.7	7±0.0
肉色-L Meat color-L	38.7±1.8	-
肉色-A Meat color-A	6.4±1.1	-
肉色-B Meat color-B	2.3±1.2	-
脂肪颜色Fat color	2.2±0.4	1±0.0
嫩度Tenderness /(kg·cm^-2)	3.3±0.5	3.8±1.5
pH_0h	6.6±0.2	6.7±0.4
pH_24h	5.4±0.2	5.9±0.2
系水力Drip loss/%	1.4±0.5	-