“中原牛”种公牛精液生产性能及母牛繁殖性能

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260715.001

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (8): 90-95.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260715.001cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260715.001

“中原牛”种公牛精液生产性能及母牛繁殖性能

张科举¹(), 王香南², 董改新¹, 吕志远¹, 张子敬², 刘贤³, 吕世杰², 林凤鹏¹, 祁兴山⁴, 屈博文⁵, 王二耀²(), 祁兴磊¹()

^1. 泌阳县夏南牛科技开发有限公司，河南泌阳 463700
^2. 河南省农业科学院畜牧研究所/河南省动物繁育与营养调控重点实验室，郑州 450002
^3. 河南省畜牧技术推广总站，河南郑州 450008
^4. 泌阳县畜牧技术服务中心，河南泌阳 463700
^5. 许昌市夏昌种畜禽有限公司，河南许昌 461100

收稿日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-08-26 发布日期:2026-07-31
通讯作者: 王二耀, 祁兴磊 E-mail:1929903689@qq.com;wangeryao666@qq.com;Byq273@126.com
作者简介:
张科举（1992—），男，河南平舆县人，研究方向：动物遗传育种与繁殖，E-mail：1929903689@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37); 河南省自然科学基金项目(252300420687); 河南省肉牛产业技术体系项目(S2013-08); 河南省牛产业科技特派员服务团（泌阳）; 河南优势特色农业产业科技支撑行动计划草畜专项肉牛任务(20250301001)

Semen production performance of breeding bulls and reproductive performance of cows in "Zhongyuan Cattle"

Keju Zhang¹(), Xiangnan Wang², Gaixin Dong¹, Zhiyuan Lv¹, Zijing Zhang², Xian Liu³, Shijie Lv², Fengpeng Lin¹, Xingshan Qi⁴, Bowen Qu⁵, Eryao Wang²(), Xinglei Qi¹()

^1. Biyang County Xianan Cattle Technology and Development Company Ltd, Biyang, 463700, Henan
^2. Institute Animal Husbandry, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan
^3. Henan Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan
^4. Henan Biyang County Livestock Technology Service Center, Biyang, 463700, Henan
^5. Xuchang City Xia Chang Livestock and Poultry Co. , Ltd, Xuchang, 461100, Henan

Received:2026-03-10 Online:2026-08-26 Published:2026-07-31
Contact: Eryao Wang, Xinglei Qi E-mail:1929903689@qq.com;wangeryao666@qq.com;Byq273@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过分析无角夏南牛（暂称“中原牛”）种公牛精液生产性能与母牛繁殖性能，明确其繁育体系优势与制约因素，为优化育种方案、提升制种效率及产业化推广提供科学依据。方法本研究以8头“中原牛”种公牛精液生产数据及720头母牛发情与繁育记录为研究对象，对种公牛不同月龄及不同季节的采精性能和精液产量及母牛的繁殖性能关键指标进行分析。结果研究发现，公牛精液生产性能受月龄和季节的显著影响（P<0.05），24月龄头均冻精剂量分别是16和18月龄的1.61和1.4倍；春、秋季生产性能最佳，夏季最差，采精量与密度受季节影响不显著（P>0.05）。通过收集初情时间、发情周期、初配时间、妊娠期、产后配种时间和犊牛初生重等6项核心指标，结果表明“中原牛”母牛初情时间平均为382.2 d，发情周期平均为20.73 d，发情持续期平均24.4 h，初配时间平均为484.21 d，妊娠期平均为284.11 d，产后配种时间平均为65.07 d。结论 “中原牛”种公牛在24月龄、春秋季为最佳采精窗口期，应依据月龄与季节差异优化采精计划，加强夏季降温管理。母牛繁殖周期核心指标明确了该群体母牛繁殖节律的基本特征，可为后续配种时机的精准调控提供依据，适时开展母牛初配与产后配种干预，以提升整体制种效率。

关键词: “中原牛”, 采精性能, 精液产量, 繁殖性能

Abstract:

Objective To analyzes the semen production performance of “Zhongyuan cattle” (Hornless Xianan cattle) bulls and the reproductive performance of cows, identifies the advantages and constraints of its breeding system, and provides a scientific basis for optimizing breeding programs, improving seed production efficiency, and promoting industrial application. Method This study utilized semen production data of 8 bulls and the estrus and breeding records from 720 cows of “Zhongyuan cattle” as research subjects, and analyzed the key indicators of semen collection performance and semen yield of breeding bulls at different ages and in different seasons, as well as the reproductive performance of cows. Result The study found that the semen production performance of bulls was significantly affected by age and season (P < 0.05). The frozen semen dose per bull at 24 months of age was 1.61 times and 1.4 times that at 16 and 18 months of age, respectively. The best production performance was observed in spring and autumn, while the worst was in summer. Semen volume and sperm concentration were not significantly affected by season (P > 0.05). Analysis of six core reproductive indicators - age at puberty, estrous cycle, age at first mating, gestation period, postpartum mating interval, and calf birth weight—revealed that the average age at puberty of "Zhongyuan Cattle" cows was 382.2 d, average estrus cycle was 20.73 d, average estrus duration was 24.4 h, average age at first mating was 484.21 days, average gestation period was 284.11 d, and the average postpartum mating interval was 65.07 days. Conclusion The optimal semen collection window for "Zhongyuan cattle" bulls is at 24 months of age and during spring and autumn. Semen collection plans should be optimized according to differences in age and season, and cooling management should be strengthened during summer. The core indicators of female reproductive cycles have clarified the basic characteristics of the estrus rhythm in this population, which can provide a basis for precise regulation of subsequent breeding timing. Timely intervention in heifer initial breeding and postpartum mating should be implemented to improve overall seed production efficiency.

Key words: "Zhongyuan cattle", Semen collection performance, Semen production volume, Reproductive performance

中图分类号:

S823

张科举, 王香南, 董改新, 吕志远, 张子敬, 刘贤, 吕世杰, 林凤鹏, 祁兴山, 屈博文, 王二耀, 祁兴磊. “中原牛”种公牛精液生产性能及母牛繁殖性能[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 90-95.

Keju Zhang, Xiangnan Wang, Gaixin Dong, Zhiyuan Lv, Zijing Zhang, Xian Liu, Shijie Lv, Fengpeng Lin, Xingshan Qi, Bowen Qu, Eryao Wang, Xinglei Qi. Semen production performance of breeding bulls and reproductive performance of cows in "Zhongyuan Cattle"[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(8): 90-95.

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项目Items	“中原牛” Zhongyuan cattle			夏南牛 Xianan cattle^[7]
月龄Month old	16	18	24	18	24
头数Number	8	8	8	6	8
头均月采精次数Monthly semen collection times per head	3.63±0.52^b	4.75±0.46^b	8.25±1.04^a	5.30	8.00
头均采精量Average semen volume per ejaculate/mL	6.73±0.93^b	6.99±0.28^b	8.46±2.01^a	3.70	5.10
原精活力Raw semen motility	0.75	0.76	0.76	0.71	0.71
原精密度Sperm concentration/（亿·mL^-1）	8.89±1.53^b	9.87±1.40^b	11.41±2.03^a	8.60	9.60
头均剂数Frozen doses per ejaculate	250.58±59.44^b	288.79±54.08^b	404.30±185.1^a	710.3	1468.8
解冻活力Post-thaw motility	0.47	0.48	0.43	0.35	0.35

项目Items	月份Month
项目Items	3—5	6—8	9—11	12—2
头数Number of bulls	8	8	8	8
头均季采精次数Average collection frequency per bull per quarter	39.00±14.46^A	19.00±5.40^B	34.00±3.02^Aa	22.00±5.61^Bb
头均季量Average semen volume per head per quarter/mL	249.6	108.4	207.5	130.0
头均次量Average semen volume per ejaculate/mL	6.91±1.76	5.78±0.52	6.11±0.47	5.89±0.36
原精活力Raw semen motility	0.76±0.00^A	0.73±0.00^C	0.74±0.00^Bb	0.75±0.00^Aa
原精密度Sperm concentration/（亿·mL^-1）	9.59±1.80	9.41±1.74	9.08±1.16	8.76±0.81
采精总量Total frozen semen/剂	73889	25143	59760	35292
解冻活力Post-thaw motility	0.47±0.02^Aa	0.42±0.00^C	0.46±0.00^Bb	0.48±0.00^A

项目Items	中原牛Zhongyuan cattle		夏南牛Xianan cattle^[1]
项目Items	平均值	变异系数/%	平均值	变异系数/%
初情时间Age at puberty/d	382.20±40.96	10.72	372.3±59.6	16.01
发情周期Estrous cycle/d	20.73±2.25	10.85	19.6±1.2	6.12
初配时间Age at first service/d	484.21±66.30	13.69	493.2±55.8	11.31
妊娠期Gestation length/d	284.11 ±9.67	3.40	285.9±13.6	4.76
产后配种时间Postpartum breeding interval/d	65.07±14.39	22.11	60.3±23.3	38.64
犊牛初生重Birth weight/kg	36.48±6.15	16.86	37.7±10.4	27.59

项目Items	产犊头数Calf number	产犊难易度Calving difficulty statistics/头				难产率Dystocia rate/%
项目Items	产犊头数Calf number	顺产	轻微助产	难产	剖腹产	难产率Dystocia rate/%
中原牛Zhongyuan cattle	1144	1125	7	10	2	1.05
夏南牛Xianan cattle^[8]	1240	1227	-	13	-	1.05

年龄 Age/岁	母牛头数Number of cows/头	产活犊牛数Number of calves born /头	产犊率Calving rate/%
2～2.5	164	152	92.7
2.6～3.5	110	100	90.9
4.6～5.5	51	44	86.3
5.6～6.5	30	25	83.3
6.6～7.5	28	24	85.7
7.6～8.5	25	21	84.0
8.6～9.5	17	14	82.4
9.6～10.5	12	9	75.0

“中原牛”种公牛精液生产性能及母牛繁殖性能

Semen production performance of breeding bulls and reproductive performance of cows in "Zhongyuan Cattle"

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