吉林省肉牛遗传改良研究进展

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260717.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

吉林省作为东北肉牛带核心区域与农业大省，依托丰富的粮食和秸秆资源，构建了多元化肉牛品种格局与全国领先的制种供种体系，在肉牛遗传改良领域取得显著成效。本文系统梳理吉林省肉牛遗传改良的发展基础、关键技术进展、现存问题及未来规划。目前，吉林省已形成“东黄（吉林省优秀地方品种-延边黄牛）、西红（白城地区的育成品种-草原红牛）、中改良（以西门塔尔为主的改良牛）”的产业布局。吉林省特色地方品种得到了提质增效，建立了常规育种与分子育种相结合的技术体系，全基因组选择、胚胎工程等技术的应用显著提升了育种效率；但仍面临种群选育保护不足、繁育体系运行欠佳、联合育种机制不完善等问题。未来需通过完善育种体系、强化技术创新、优化政策支撑、提升品牌影响力等措施，进一步提高优秀种源自给率，推动产业高质量发展，为我国肉牛种业自主可控提供产业样板。

关键词: 吉林省, 肉牛, 遗传改良, 育种

Abstract:

Jilin Province, as a core area of the Northeast beef cattle belt and a major agricultural province, has built a diversified beef cattle breed structure and a leading seed production and supply system nationwide, relying on its abundant grain and straw resources, achieving remarkable results in the field of beef cattle genetic improvement. This article systematically reviews the development foundation, key technological progress, existing problems, and future plans of beef cattle genetic improvement in Jilin Province. Currently, Jilin Province has formed an industrial layout of "Eastern Yellow (Yanbian Yellow Cattle), Western Red (China Steppe Red cattle), and Central Improved (improced cattle, mainly Simmental)," The quality and efficiency of Jilin Province's distinctive local breeds have been improved, and a technical system combining conventional breeding and molecular breeding has been established. The application of technologies such as whole-genome selection and embryo engineering has significantly improved breeding efficiency; however, problems still exist, such as insufficient population selection and protection, poor operation of the breeding system, and an imperfect joint breeding mechanism. In the future, it is necessary to further improve the self-sufficiency rate of core breeds and promote high-quality development of the industry by improving the breeding system, strengthening technological innovation, optimizing policy support, and enhancing brand influence.

Key words: Jilin Province, Beef cattle, Genetic improvement, Breeding

中图分类号:

S823

鲍迪, 孙铭, 秦立红. 吉林省肉牛遗传改良研究进展[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(8): 42-47.

Di Bao, Ming Sun, Lihong Qin. Research on the progress of genetic improvement of beef cattle in Jilin Province[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(8): 42-47.

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