OPU-IVP技术在宁夏肉牛良种快速扩繁中的应用进展与展望

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260727.003

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 15-27.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260727.003cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260727.003

OPU-IVP技术在宁夏肉牛良种快速扩繁中的应用进展与展望

张海森¹^,²(), 徐皓东¹^,², 张粉丽¹, 苟琦⁴, 张嘉豪¹^,², 王子昂¹^,², 邓君君¹^,², 靳亚平¹^,², 李靖宁³(), 陈华涛¹^,²()

^1. 西北农林科技大学动物医学院，陕西杨凌 712100
^2. 农业农村部动物生物技术重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
^3. 宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站，宁夏银川 750002
^4. 合阳县动物疫病预防控制中心，陕西渭南 715300

收稿日期:2026-03-19 出版日期:2026-10-26 发布日期:2026-09-29
通讯作者: 李靖宁, 陈华涛
作者简介:
张海森（1995—），男，陕西商洛人，博士研究生，研究方向：反刍动物高效繁育技术研发，E-mail：haisenzhang@nwafu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD130060306)

Progress and prospects of OPU-IVP technology in the rapid propagation of high-quality beef cattle breeds in Ningxia

Haisen Zhang¹^,²(), Haodong Xu¹^,², Fenli Zhang¹, Qi Gou⁴, Jiahao Zhang¹^,², Ziang Wang¹^,², Junjun Deng¹^,², Yaping Jin¹^,², Jingning Li³(), Huatao Chen¹^,²()

^1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
^2. Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100, China
^3. Ningxia Hui Autonomous;Region Animal Husbandry Workstation, Yinchuan, 750002, China
^4. Heyang County;Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Weinan, 715300, China

Received:2026-03-19 Online:2026-10-26 Published:2026-09-29
Contact: Jingning Li, Huatao Chen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国肉牛遗传改良工作从系统性的体系构建逐步向质量提升与效率突破转变，新一轮的《全国肉牛遗传改良计划（2021—2035年）》对核心育种群规模、优质种源供给能力和育种效率等方面提出了更高要求。但是，由于母牛繁殖生物学特性的制约，传统的人工授精、体内胚胎生产甚至本交等扩繁模式，难以在短期内实现优质种质资源的快速积累与高效扩散，现阶段良种快速扩繁技术的研发与推广显得尤为重要。活体采卵-体外胚胎生产（Ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production，OPU-IVP）技术可显著提升优质母牛的卵子利用率，是突破肉牛遗传改良“母本扩繁瓶颈”的关键技术支撑。近年来，我国的一些地方政府、高校科研机构及创新型企业在多地开展该技术的应用实践，但针对区域模式、应用成效与实施瓶颈的系统性总结仍较有限。本文在全面剖析新形势下我国肉牛遗传改良进程的基础上，系统梳理了宁夏地区OPU-IVP技术在牛良种扩繁中的应用进展，通过比较国内企业主导型、校企合作型及产学研平台型等典型实践案例，进一步归纳出具有区域适应性的“宁夏模式”。与国内企业主导型、校企合作型和产学研平台型模式相比，宁夏模式在技术落地效率、资源整合和区域适应性方面具有相对优势。当前，牛OPU-IVP技术的推广仍面临标准化不足、成本控制压力及产业体系融合不畅等瓶颈。未来应通过优化培养体系、推动国产耗材替代、构建区域化服务平台及完善利益风险分担机制，推动OPU-IVP技术由“点状突破”走向“全面推广”。

关键词: 宁夏肉牛, 良种扩繁, OPU-IVP技术, 种源自主可控, 遗传改良

Abstract:

As China's beef cattle genetic improvement work shifts from systematic infrastructure development to quality enhancement and efficiency breakthrough, the new National Beef Cattle Genetic Improvement Plan (2021–2035) has set higher requirements for core breeding population size, supply capacity of high-quality germplasm, and breeding efficiency. However, due to the constraints of the reproductive biological characteristics of cows, traditional methods such as artificial insemination, in vivo embryo production, and even natural mating are difficult to achieve rapid accumulation and efficient dissemination of high-quality genetic resources in a short period. At the present stage, the development and promotion of rapid breeding technologies for high-quality breeds is particularly important. Ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production (OPU‑IVP) technology can significantly improve the oocyte utilization efficiency of elite cows, serving as a key technical support to break the "maternal propagation bottleneck" in beef cattle genetic improvement. In recent years, some local governments, university research institutions, and innovative enterprises in China have carried out practical applications of this technology in multiple regions, yet systematic summaries concerning regional models, application outcomes, and implementation bottlenecks remain limited. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the process of genetic improvement of beef cattle in China under the new circumstances, this paper systematically reviews the application progress of OPU‑IVP technology in the rapid propagation of elite beef cattle in Ningxia. By comparing typical domestic practice cases, including enterprise‑led, university‑enterprise collaborative, and industry‑university‑research platform models, we further summarize a regionally adaptable "Ningxia Model". Compared with the domestic enterprise-led, university‑enterprise collaborative, and industry-university-research platform models, the Ningxia model has relative advantages in technology implementation efficiency, resource integration, and regional adaptability. Current challenges in technology extension include insufficient technical standardization, cost control pressures, and poor integration with the industrial system. In the future, efforts should focus on optimizing culture systems, promoting domestic substitution of consumables, building regional service platforms, and improving benefit‑sharing and risk‑sharing mechanisms, so as to advance OPU‑IVP technology from "sporadic breakthroughs" to "full-scale rollout".

Key words: Ningxia beef cattle, Improved breed multiplication, OPU-IVP technology, Self-sufficiency in breeding stocks, Genetic improvement

中图分类号:

S823

张海森, 徐皓东, 张粉丽, 苟琦, 张嘉豪, 王子昂, 邓君君, 靳亚平, 李靖宁, 陈华涛. OPU-IVP技术在宁夏肉牛良种快速扩繁中的应用进展与展望[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(10): 15-27.

Haisen Zhang, Haodong Xu, Fenli Zhang, Qi Gou, Jiahao Zhang, Ziang Wang, Junjun Deng, Yaping Jin, Jingning Li, Huatao Chen. Progress and prospects of OPU-IVP technology in the rapid propagation of high-quality beef cattle breeds in Ningxia[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(10): 15-27.

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技术手段 Technical means	单头母牛年后代数offspring per year/头	扩繁速度 Propagation speed	技术成本 Cost	应用阶段 The current application phase
自然交配Natural mating	≈1	慢	低	普遍
人工授精Artificial insemination	≈1	慢	低	普遍
超数排卵胚胎移植Superovulation and embryo transfer	5～10	中	中	部分应用
活体采卵胚胎移植OPU-IVP-ET	20～50	快	中高	快速发展

OPU-IVP技术在宁夏肉牛良种快速扩繁中的应用进展与展望

Progress and prospects of OPU-IVP technology in the rapid propagation of high-quality beef cattle breeds in Ningxia

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