The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding >
Effects of weaning stress on ruminants and its mitigation measures
Received date: 2026-02-11
Online published: 2026-07-18
Weaning stress in young ruminants is a comprehensive physiological response induced by multiple factors during the weaning period, including mother–offspring separation, sudden dietary changes, and environmental reorganization. It triggers psychological, physiological, and immune stress responses, thereby exerting both immediate and long-term effects on growth performance and the immune system. This paper systematically elaborates on the detrimental effects of weaning stress from three aspects. Regarding production performance, abrupt (one-step) weaning and inappropriate weaning timing—such as failing to meet the required age, body weight, or feed intake—lead to a sharp decline in feed consumption, stagnation or even negative growth in body weight, and delayed market weight. Concerning digestive and absorptive function, the abrupt transition from a milk-based diet (lactose and milk fat) to solid feeds results in decreased activities of key digestive enzymes, including amylase and trypsin, impaired intestinal barrier integrity, increased intestinal permeability, poor digestion and absorption, and exacerbated oxidative stress. In terms of immune function, the withdrawal of passively transferred immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and other protective factors from maternal milk, coupled with an immature active immune system and social stress arising from environmental reorganization, leads to an overall decline in disease resistance and significantly increases the risk of respiratory and digestive tract infections. To address these issues, this paper proposes three mitigation strategies. In pharmacotherapy, given the context of antibiotic prohibition, dietary supplementation with appropriate Chinese herbal medicines or plant extracts provides a safe and effective alleviation approach. Single compounds such as Astragalus aqueous extract and astragaloside IV can enhance immune and antioxidant capacity and improve average daily gain. Compound formulations (e.g., Astragalus–angelica–glycyrrhiza) can reduce cortisol levels, repair intestinal mucosa, improve mucosal morphology and intestinal health, while fucoidan and eugenol can elevate digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant levels. In nutritional regulation, scientifically formulated concentrate-to-forage ratios promote rumen development, and the use of rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal as partial replacements for soybean meal ensures protein supply. Supplementation with composite probiotics, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, modulates gut microbiota and improves immune function and nutrient absorption. For animals exhibiting pronounced stress responses, electrolyte and glucose supplementation effectively alleviates digestive disturbances and growth suppression. In management optimization, maintaining stable pen temperature and humidity, controlling stocking density, regular disinfection, and minimizing unnecessary stressful procedures such as regrouping and transport are essential. Adoption of gradual weaning protocols, based on age, body weight, and feed intake thresholds, avoids the severe impact of abrupt weaning. In the early weaning phase, housing calves in pens adjacent to dams with continued visual and olfactory contact can alleviate separation anxiety and psychological stress, thereby improving weight gain and health status. During the transition period, the ratio of milk replacer to starter feed should be adjusted progressively to avoid sudden feed changes. In conclusion, weaning stress is a systemic issue arising from the synergistic action of multiple factors. The integrated application of alternative pharmacotherapies, nutritional regulation, and management optimization can systematically mitigate its negative effects on young animal growth and health, providing practical references for healthy ruminant production.
Key words: Weaning stress; Ruminant animals; Growth performance
Shengjiong Wang , Xiaodong Deng , Donghui Fang , Yi Shi , Xiaoqin Ma , Xiaoyun Chen , Ying Chen , Ruijuan Cao , Aguo Yueda . Effects of weaning stress on ruminants and its mitigation measures[J]. The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026 , 22(7) : 69 -76 . DOI: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260629.002
| [1] |
张千, 李发弟, 李飞. 断奶应激对幼龄反刍动物免疫系统的影响及其机理[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(7): 1988-1997.
|
| [2] |
张千, 张晓庆, 渠晖, 等. 饲喂中草药对羔羊生产性能、免疫功能及瘤胃发酵影响的Meta分析[J]. 中国草地学报, 2023(9): 118-129.
|
| [3] |
刘淑甜, 李燕, 唐炜轩, 等. 断奶应激对犊牛的影响及其营养调控[J]. 动物营养学报, 2023, 35(9): 5505-5512.
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
杨茜雅, 谢磊, 赵永攀, 等. 犊牛断奶应激的原因、影响和评估[J]. 中国乳业, 2021(10): 31-34.
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
汉吉业, 雒自全, 赵德兵, 等. 断奶应激对犊牛的影响及营养调控措施[J]. 养殖与饲料, 2026, 25(1): 79-81.
|
| [11] |
柴建民, 王海超, 刁其玉, 等. 断奶时间对羔羊生长性能和器官发育及血清学指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(24): 4979-4988.
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
孔晓丽, 马煜斌, 张力莉, 等. 犊牛断奶应激的研究进展及营养调控措施[J]. 动物营养学报, 2024, 36(5): 2793-2803.
|
| [15] |
肖国宗. 早期断奶应激对犊牛的影响及调控措施[J]. 中国动物保健, 2024, 26(2): 85-86.
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
陈治徽, 陈林, 张力莉, 等. 犊牛断奶前后血液生化指标和肠道通透性的变化规律研究[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2022, 58(10): 206-210.
|
| [18] |
霍瑞卿, 田军彪, 赵敏菡, 等. 化浊解毒活血通络方对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠LPS及TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的影响[J]. 中国免疫学杂志, 2022, 38(11): 1317-1323, 1332.
|
| [19] |
刘培培. 早期断奶措施对母牦牛和犊牦牛的影响[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2017.
|
| [20] |
张千, 罗静, 李飞, 等. 断奶应激影响犊牛免疫功能的Meta分析[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(1): 175-187.
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
周怿, 刁其玉, 屠焰, 等. 酵母β-葡聚糖和抗生素对早期断奶犊牛生长性能和肠道菌群的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2010, 41(6): 685-691.
|
| [24] |
魏海燕. 饲喂黄芪对断乳牦牛犊生长和生理代谢的影响[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2020.
|
| [25] |
李会菊, 何涛, 赵娜, 等. 黄芪甲苷对断奶应激犊牛生长性能及血液生理生化指标的影响[J]. 中国动物保健, 2023, 25(8): 105-108.
|
| [26] |
徐美玲. 藤茶黄酮对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化及免疫指标的影响[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2022.
|
| [27] |
文洪玫. 人参-鱼腥草粗提物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道健康的影响[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2022.
|
| [28] |
曹占凤, 武永陶, 刘学周, 等. 复合中药材饮剂对羔羊生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2022, 45(9): 11-13.
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
李德昌. 中草药提取物添加对犊牛断奶应激反应及肠黏膜形态的影响[J]. 饲料博览, 2025(6): 12-15.
|
| [31] |
刘凯伟, 吕慧源, 毕研亮, 等. 复合植物提取物对羔羊生长性能、血清生化指标和瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2023, 59(5): 296-301.
|
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
郭广振. 岩藻多糖对断奶羔羊生长性能、血清生理生化指标和肠道屏障功能影响的研究[D]. 湛江: 广东海洋大学, 2022.
|
| [34] |
姜鑫, 李昕, 刘鑫, 等. 断奶应激对犊牛的影响及缓解措施[C]. //中国畜牧业协会. 第十二届中国牛业发展大会论文集. 2017: 309-312.
|
| [35] |
艾大伟, 王之盛, 周安国. 杂粕型日粮对断奶犊牛生长性能和血液生化指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2011, 47(5): 46-47, 70.
|
| [36] |
周亚楠. 不同粗饲料来源饲粮对哺乳期牦牛犊牛生长和复胃发育的影响[D]. 西宁: 青海大学, 2023.
|
| [37] |
王略宇, 徐红伟, 周瑞, 等. 发酵饲料及菌粉对羔羊生长性能、脏器系数、胃肠道系数及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 现代畜牧兽医, 2021(12): 36-40.
|
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
|
| [40] |
|
| [41] |
王海玉, 郭云霞, 段春辉, 等. 复合益生菌对哺乳羔羊生长性能及断奶应激的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2023, 35(8): 5250-5260.
|
| [42] |
武肖峰. 犊牛早期断奶的营养调控与应激防控措施[J]. 河南畜牧兽医, 2026, 47(4): 13-15.
|
| [43] |
谈晨, 薛俊欣, 张峥臻, 等. 夏季牛舍内微环境对上海地区犊牛生长性能的影响[J]. 乳业科学与技术, 2010, 33(6): 287-290.
|
| [44] |
曲广柱. 断奶应激对犊牛的影响及预防措施[J]. 现代畜牧科技, 2018(8): 110.
|
| [45] |
吴静静, 张志军, 王文奇. 犊牛早期断奶营养调控技术的研究进展[J]. 养殖与饲料, 2021, 20(9): 79-82.
|
| [46] |
柴建民, 王波, 祁敏丽, 等. 不同开食料采食量断液体饲粮对羔羊生长发育的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(2): 341-350.
|
| [47] |
韩改苗.断奶犊牛的饲养管理技术要点[J].养殖与饲料, 2025(9): 43-45.
|
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
杨利宁. 不同转群时间对羔羊断奶应激的影响[J]. 中国动物保健, 2023, 25(3): 106-107.
|
| [50] |
|
| [51] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |