反刍家畜上胚层干细胞建系及其应用前景

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260416.002

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (9): 47-54.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260416.002cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260416.002

• 畜禽干细胞基础研究与应用 • 上一篇下一篇

反刍家畜上胚层干细胞建系及其应用前景

张金颖¹^,²(), 赵凡¹, 李欣³, 曹素英¹

^1. 北京农学院动物科学技术学院，北京 102206
^2. 中国农业大学生物学院，北京 100193
^3. 石家庄天泉良种奶牛有限公司，河北石家庄 050200

收稿日期:2025-11-19 出版日期:2026-09-26 发布日期:2026-09-10

作者简介:

张金颖（1993—），女，讲师，研究方向：胚胎发育及干细胞生物学，E-mail：zhangjinying1993@163.com。

曹素英（1976—），女，教授，北京农学院动物科学技术学院，教授，硕士生导师，现任动科系主任，动物繁殖学分会理事。专注动物繁殖学领域，聚焦动物干细胞、早期胚胎发育调控及家畜配子定向分化技术。主持国家科技创新2030-农业生物育种国家科技重大专项子课题1项、国家自然科学基金青年项目1项、北京市自然科学基金面上项目2项和北京市教委科技计划面上项目1项。长期深耕干细胞与早期胚胎发育相关研究，在Advanced Science、Cell Research，畜牧兽医学报等期刊发表论文26篇。主要讲授《动物繁殖理论与生物技术》《文献检索与科技论文写作（含科研诚信）》等研究生课程。研究方向：动物繁殖学，E-mail：20137602@bua.edu.cn。

基金资助:
国家生物育种科技重大项目(2023ZD04075); 河北省科技计划揭榜挂帅项目(23227602Z); 石家庄市揭榜挂帅项目(221790262A)

The establishment and application prospects of epiblast stem cells in ruminant livestock

Jinying Zhang¹^,²(), Fan Zhao¹, xin Li³, Suying Cao¹

^1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206
^2. College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
^3. Shijiazhuang Tianquan Pedigree Dairy Cattle Co. , Ltd. , Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei

Received:2025-11-19 Online:2026-09-26 Published:2026-09-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多能干细胞（Pluripotent stem cells， PSCs）在临床医学和动物育种中具有广阔的应用前景。牛、羊是我国畜牧业中重要的反刍家畜，近年来，研究人员通过解析早期胚胎发育和多能性调控机制，成功建立了稳定的牛、羊上胚层干细胞系，所建立的细胞系能够维持胚胎上胚层多能性状态，具有典型干细胞的分子特征，并且在长期传代过程中仍能保持基因组的稳定。本文综述了牛、羊附植前胚胎发育特点及关键发育事件，揭示了早期胚胎命运决定和分化机制；阐述了胚胎上胚层的多能性状态呈现从初始态、形成态至激发态的转变，抑制WNT信号和激活FGF信号是实现形成态和激发态PSCs稳定培养的关键。然而，具备生殖系嵌合能力的初始态PSCs在家畜中尚未成功获得，这仍是亟待解决的难题。最后，本文进一步对家畜PSCs在基础研究、类胚胎模型构建、优良畜种培育等领域的应用前景进行了展望，以期为反刍家畜干细胞的建立和应用提供理论参考。

关键词: 反刍家畜, 胚胎发育, 上胚层, 多能干细胞

Abstract:

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold broad prospects in clinical medicine and animal breeding. Cattle and sheep are important ruminant livestock in husbandry. In recent years, researchers have successfully established stable PSCs from cattle and sheep by analyzing the pluripotent mechanisms of early embryo development. The established PSCs maintain pluripotency of the epiblast and exhibit stem cell characteristic properties, and preserve genome stability during long-term passage. This article reviews the developmental features and key events of pre-implantation embryos in cattle and sheep, elucidating the mechanisms underlying early embryo cell fate determination and differentiation. It further delineates the pluripotency of epiblast transition from naive to formative and primed state, highlighting that WNT inhibition and FGF activation are crucial for derivation of stable formative and primed state PSCs. Nevertheless, naive PSCs capable of germline transmission have not yet been successfully established in livestock, representing a persistent bottleneck in the field. Finally, it provides perspectives on the applications of PSCs in basic research, construction of blastoid models, and breeding of superior livestock breeds, in order to provide a theoretical reference for the establishment and application of ruminant livestock stem cells.

Key words: Ruminant livestock, Embryo development, Epiblast, Pluripotent stem cells

中图分类号:

张金颖, 赵凡, 李欣, 曹素英. 反刍家畜上胚层干细胞建系及其应用前景[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(9): 47-54.

Jinying Zhang, Fan Zhao, xin Li, Suying Cao. The establishment and application prospects of epiblast stem cells in ruminant livestock[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(9): 47-54.

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畜种 Domestic animals	胚胎发育时期Embryo development stage	培养基主要成分 Culture medium	传代能力Passage ability	多能性基因表达情况 Pluripotent marker expression	多能性状态Pluripotent state	胚胎嵌合能力 Chimera analyses	参考文献References
牛 Bovine	囊胚	CTFR培养基(mTeSR, FGF2, IWR1)	>P50	AP, POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG	Primed	未检测	[44]
	早期囊胚	bEPSCM培养基(CHIR99021, WH-4-023, XAV939, LIF, Activin A)	>P80		8 细胞/桑椹胚	胚内和胚外组织嵌合	[47]
	胚盘	AFX培养基(Activin A, FGF2, XAV939)	>P30		Primed	未检测	[46]
	囊胚及胚盘	3i/LAF培养基(CHIR99021, IWR1, WH-4-023, human LIF, Activin A, FGF2)	>P100		Formative	未检测	[14]
绵羊 Sheep	囊胚	CTFR培养基(mTeSR, FGF2, IWR1)	>P40	AP, POU5F1, SOX2	Primed	未检测	[45]
	胚盘	AFX培养基(Activin A, FGF2, XAV939)	>P30	AP, POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG	Primed	未检测	[46]
	囊胚	TePR培养基(mTeSR PLUS, IWR1)	>100		8细胞/桑椹胚	未检测到	[49]
	囊胚及胚盘	sfPSCs培养基 (CHIR99021, IWR1, A419259, IL6, sIL6R, Activin A, FGF2)	>100		Formative	胎儿嵌合	[13]
	胚盘	spPSCs培养基(Activin A, FGF2, IWR1)	>100		Primed	未检测	[13]
牛、绵羊Bovine, Sheep	单倍体囊胚	FACE培养基(FGF2, Activin-A, CHIR99021, IWR1)	>P80	AP, POU5F1, SOX2, OTX2	Formative	胎儿嵌合	[48]

反刍家畜上胚层干细胞建系及其应用前景

The establishment and application prospects of epiblast stem cells in ruminant livestock

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