吐鲁番斗鸡杂化现状及品种保护建议

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.004

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 116-124.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.004

吐鲁番斗鸡杂化现状及品种保护建议

王清正¹^,²(), 杨娜¹^,², 王惠娥¹, 党瑞华¹, 依那木江·亚力买买提³, 木巴热克·木亥麦特⁴, 艾尔肯·阿力木⁵, 图尔迪巴柯·图尔荪托合提⁶, 赵天心¹^,², 努日克亚汗·艾力¹^,², 格明古丽·木哈台¹^,²()

^1.塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300
^2.塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300
^3.伊宁县喀拉亚尕奇乡畜牧兽医站，新疆伊宁 835100
^4.吉木萨尔县农业农村局，新疆昌吉 831700
^5.阿瓦提镇畜牧兽医站，新疆喀什 843200
^6.扎瓦镇畜牧兽医站，新疆和田 848100

收稿日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-05-26 发布日期:2026-06-17
通讯作者: 格明古丽·木哈台null E-mail:1324801900@qq.com;gmgl-113@foxmail.com
作者简介:王清正（2000—），男，山东定陶人，硕士研究生，E-mail：1324801900@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31060294);国家自然科学基金(31160448)

Current status of hybridization and breed conservation recommendations for Turpan fighting cocks

Qingzheng Wang¹^,²(), Na Yang¹^,², Huie Wang¹, Ruihua Dang¹, Yinamujiang·Yalimaimaiti³, Mubareke·Muhaimaite⁴, Aierken·Alimu⁵, Tuerdibake·Tuerxuntuoheti⁶, Tianxin Zhao¹^,², Nurikayahan·Aili¹^,², Gemingguli·Muhatai¹^,²()

^1.College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Aral, 843300, Xinjiang
^2.Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Tarim Basin, Aral, 843300, Xinjiang
^3.Livestock and Veterinary Station, Karayagachi Township, Yining County, Xinjiang 835100
^4.Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Jimusar County, Changji, 831700, Xinjiang
^5.Livestock and Veterinary Station, Awati Town, Kashgar 843200, Xinjiang
^6.Livestock and Veterinary Station, Zawa Town, Hotan, 848100, Xinjiang

Received:2026-01-09 Online:2026-05-26 Published:2026-06-17
Contact: Gemingguli·Muhatai E-mail:1324801900@qq.com;gmgl-113@foxmail.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

吐鲁番斗鸡作为新疆特有的地方畜禽遗传资源，因其独特的斗性、良好的环境适应能力及独特文化价值被列入国家保护名录。然而，近年来受外来品种引入、品种标准差异、分布范围界限不明确及保种体系不完善等因素影响，出现种群数量急剧下降，表型分化加剧，纯种资源濒危等情况。该文于2022年实地调查新疆吐鲁番、阿克苏、喀什、和田及伊犁等地的斗鸡种群，根据各地区吐鲁番斗鸡体型外貌、体尺性状等表型数据，并结合历史文献与品种标准，对吐鲁番斗鸡的杂化现状与表型分化进行分析。调研结果发现，不同产区斗鸡在表型上有显著分化，种群数量也出现锐减，吐鲁番斗鸡品种标准不统一，缺少定期遗传监测以及对养殖户的科学指导。针对上述问题，提出通过细化表型划分标准、建立核心保种群与遗传监测体系、融合文化传承与产业开发等策略。

关键词: 吐鲁番斗鸡, 表型分化, 品种标准, 纯种保护, 种质资源

Abstract:

Turpan fighting cocks, as a unique local livestock and poultry genetic resource in Xinjiang, have been listed in the national protection catalog due to their distinctive fighting traits, strong environmental adaptability, and unique cultural value. However, in recent years, factors such as the introduction of foreign breeds, differences in breed standards, unclear distribution boundaries, and an imperfect conservation system have led to a sharp decline in population numbers, intensified phenotypic differentiation, and endangerment of purebred resources. This paper, through a 2022 field survey of fighting chicken populations in Turpan, Aksu, Kashgar, Hotan, and Ili in Xinjiang, analyzes the hybrid status and phenotypic differentiation of Turpan fighting cocks based on phenotypic data such as body appearance and body measurements from each region, combined with historical literature and breed standards. The investigation found significant phenotypic differentiation among chickens from different production areas, a sharp decline in population numbers, inconsistent breed standards for Turpan fighting cocks, a lack of regular genetic monitoring, and insufficient scientific guidance for farmers. In response to these issues, the paper proposes strategies such as refining phenotypic classification standards, establishing core conservation populations and genetic monitoring systems, and integrating cultural heritage with industry development, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the effective protection and precise management of Turpan fighting chicken genetic resources.

Key words: Turpan fighting cock, Phenotypic differentiation, Breed standards, Purebred preservation, Germplasm resources

中图分类号:

S831

王清正, 杨娜, 王惠娥, 党瑞华, 依那木江·亚力买买提, 木巴热克·木亥麦特, 艾尔肯·阿力木, 图尔迪巴柯·图尔荪托合提, 赵天心, 努日克亚汗·艾力l, 格明古丽·木哈台. 吐鲁番斗鸡杂化现状及品种保护建议[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(5): 116-124.

Qingzheng Wang, Na Yang, Huie Wang, Ruihua Dang, Yinamujiang·Yalimaimaiti, Mubareke·Muhaimaite, Aierken·Alimu, Tuerdibake·Tuerxuntuoheti, Tianxin Zhao, Nurikayahan·Aili, Gemingguli·Muhatai. Current status of hybridization and breed conservation recommendations for Turpan fighting cocks[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(5): 116-124.

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地区Region	冠型 Comb types/%		喙型 Beak shapes/%		裸颈Bare neck/%	高脚High legged/%
地区Region	豆冠	玫瑰冠	平喙	带钩喙	裸颈Bare neck/%	高脚High legged/%
吐鲁番 Turpan	81.58	18.42	7.89	92.11	1.75	45.61
阿克苏 Aksu	80.00	20.00	30.91	69.09	9.09	99.09
和田 Hotan	100.00	-	12.24	87.76	100.00	57.14
喀什 Kashi	80.72	19.28	15.06	84.94	28.31	87.95
伊犁Ili	82.35	17.65	11.87	88.13	18.77	89.23

地区 Region	部位 Body Part	浅麻Light hemp	深麻Deep hemp	黑Black	棕Brown	灰Gray	红Red	黄Yellow	白White
吐鲁番 Turpan	颈羽 Neck feather	2	28	56	-	-	14	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	-	46	45	-	-	9	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	-	47	44	-	-	9	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	3	-	53	8	36	-	-	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	3	-	53	9	36	-	-	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	-	38	44	17	1	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	-	27	73	-	-	-	-	-
阿克苏 Aksu	颈羽 Neck feather	-	61	-	4	2	33	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	-	98	2	-	-	-	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	-	48	3	-	-	49	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	28	18	50	4	-	-	-	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	2	25	52	3	-	-	18	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	2	96	2	-	-	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	-	46	53	-	-	-	-	1
和田 Hotan	颈羽 Neck feather	55	15	-	17	13	-	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	54	27	-	-	19	-	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	53	26	12	-	-	9	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	77	-	-	23	-	-	-	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	80	-	-	20	-	-	-	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	53	27	18	-	2	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	37	2	36	-	25	-	-	-
喀什 Kashi	颈羽 Neck feather	5	44	1	8	-	42	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	-	67	27	-	-	6	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	-	64	2	-	-	34	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	32	4	53	4	-	-	7	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	10	35	44	4	-	-	7	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	-	55	41	-	4	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	-	53	44	-	3	-	-	-
伊犁 Ili	颈羽 Neck feather	-	15	11	42	-	32	-	-
	背羽 Back feather	-	43	52	-	-	5	-	-
	鞍羽 Saddle feathers	-	30	18	-	-	52	-	-
	胸羽 Chest feathers	6	5	51	-	38	-	-	-
	腹羽 Belly feathers	5	38	48	-	9	-	-	-
	翼羽 Wing feather	-	53	37	6	4	-	-	-
	尾羽 Tail feathers	-	53	42	-	5	-	-	-

地区Region	性别Sex	体重Body weight/g	体斜长Body length/cm	龙骨长Keel length/cm	胸宽Chest width/cm	胸深Chest depth/cm	胸角Pectoral angle/°	髋骨宽Hip width/cm	胫长Tibia length/cm	胫围Shank circumference/cm
吐鲁番Turpan	公	3525.25±367.48	24.25±1.26	15.35±1.36	11.28±1.02	14.28±0.75	93.28±12.53	7.35±0.85	12.5±0.8	6.78±0.75
吐鲁番Turpan	母	2814.29±264.77	23.11±0.72	11.98±1.62	9.95±0.87	12.54±0.48	90.58±11.37	7.01±0.65	10.23±0.68	5.34±0.8
阿克苏Aksu	公	3051.28±244.95	26.48±1.16	14.43±1.12	10.83±0.99	13.98±0.29	94.06±9.80	7.88±0.65	11.98±0.82	6.24±0.82
阿克苏Aksu	母	2455.18±141.42	24.13±0.63	11.90±1.84	9.24±0.94	12.75±0.50	89.85±8.2	7.65±0.46	10.83±0.55	5.15±0.71
喀什Kashi	公	3514.72±132.29	25.36±1.03	15.64±1.15	10.75±1.13	13.86±0.43	93.88±9.09	7.39±0.52	12.39±1.02	6.51±0.77
喀什Kashi	母	2533.33±290.59	23.58±0.49	11.72±1.75	9.81±0.51	12.07±0.84	90.93±11.74	7.02±0.71	10.95±0.62	4.93±0.77
和田Hotan	公	3316.67±208.17	24.64±0.22	15.04±1.18	11.34±0.77	14.48±0.81	93.16±11.54	7.84±0.94	13.04±0.93	5.29±0.79
和田Hotan	母	2408.75±181.34	23.44±1.35	12.09±1.53	10.23±0.54	12.58±0.58	90.97±10.37	7.24±0.62	11.19±0.61	4.83±0.52
伊犁Ili	公	3379.71±702.07	28.46±2.1	14.72±1.02	10.64±1.04	14.08±0.81	90.08±7.6	7.85±0.73	13.01±0.73	5.73±0.53
伊犁Ili	母	2472.71±540.52	24.66±2.01	13.26±1.5	9.23±1.03	12.6±1.04	85.86±8.73	7.13±0.52	10.88±0.74	4.69±0.37

吐鲁番斗鸡杂化现状及品种保护建议

Current status of hybridization and breed conservation recommendations for Turpan fighting cocks

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地区 Region	胫色 Shank color/%
地区 Region	黄	灰	黑	白	青
吐鲁番Turpan	33	-	28	3	36
阿克苏Aksu	38	1	-	45	16
和田Hotan	28	56	-	-	16
喀什Kashi	86	10	-	-	4
伊犁Ili	42	-	21	-	37

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