中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 116-124.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.004cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.004

所属专题: 畜禽种质资源保护利用 鸡种质资源保护利用

• 资源保护利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

吐鲁番斗鸡杂化现状及品种保护建议

王清正1,2(), 杨娜1,2, 王惠娥1, 党瑞华1, 依那木江·亚力买买提3, 木巴热克·木亥麦特4, 艾尔肯·阿力木5, 图尔迪巴柯·图尔荪托合提6, 赵天心1,2, 努日克亚汗·艾力1,2, 格明古丽·木哈台1,2()   

  1. 1. 塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,新疆 阿拉尔 843300
    2. 塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室,新疆 阿拉尔 843300
    3. 伊宁县喀拉亚尕奇乡畜牧兽医站,新疆 伊宁 835100
    4. 吉木萨尔县农业农村局,新疆 昌吉 831700
    5. 阿瓦提镇畜牧兽医站,新疆 喀什 843200
    6. 扎瓦镇畜牧兽医站,新疆 和田 848100
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-03-26 发布日期:2026-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 格明古丽·木哈台 E-mail:1324801900@qq.com;gmgl-113@foxmail.com
  • 作者简介:

    王清正(2000—),男,山东定陶人,硕士研究生,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31060294); 国家自然科学基金(31160448)

Current status of hybridization and breed conservation recommendations for Turpan fighting cocks

Qingzheng Wang1,2(), Na Yang1,2, Huie Wang1, Ruihua Dang1, Yinamujiang·Yalimaimaiti3, Mubareke·Muhaimaite4, Aierken·Alimu5, Tuerdibake·Tuerxuntuoheti6, Tianxin Zhao1,2, Nurikayahan·Aili1,2, Gemingguli·Muhatai1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Aral, 843300, Xinjiang
    2. Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Tarim Basin, Aral, 843300, Xinjiang
    3. Livestock and Veterinary Station, Karayagachi Township, Yining County, Xinjiang 835100
    4. Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Jimusar County, Changji, 831700, Xinjiang
    5. Livestock and Veterinary Station, Awati Town, Kashgar 843200, Xinjiang
    6. Livestock and Veterinary Station, Zawa Town, Hotan, 848100, Xinjiang
  • Received:2026-01-09 Online:2026-03-26 Published:2026-06-17
  • Contact: Gemingguli·Muhatai E-mail:1324801900@qq.com;gmgl-113@foxmail.com

摘要:

吐鲁番斗鸡作为新疆特有的地方畜禽遗传资源,具有较高的斗性、良好的环境适应能力及独特文化价值。该文于2022年实地调查新疆吐鲁番、阿克苏、喀什、和田及伊犁等地的斗鸡种群,根据各地区吐鲁番斗鸡体型外貌、体尺性状等表型数据,并结合历史文献与品种标准,对吐鲁番斗鸡的杂化现状与表型分化进行分析。调研结果发现,不同产区斗鸡在表型上有显著分化,种群数量也出现锐减,吐鲁番斗鸡品种标准不统一,缺少定期遗传监测以及对养殖户的科学指导。针对上述问题,提出通过细化表型划分标准、完善种群结构与遗传监测体系、融合文化传承与产业开发等策略。

关键词: 吐鲁番斗鸡, 表型分化, 品种标准, 纯种保护, 种质资源

Abstract:

Turpan fighting cock, as a unique local livestock genetic resource in Xinjiang, have strong fighting spirit, good environmental adaptability, and unique cultural value. This paper, through a 2022 field survey of fighting chicken populations in Turpan, Aksu, Kashgar, Hotan, and Ili in Xinjiang, analyzes the hybrid status and phenotypic differentiation of Turpan fighting cocks based on phenotypic data such as body appearance and body measurements from each region, combined with historical literature and breed standards. The investigation found significant phenotypic differentiation among chickens from different production areas, a sharp decline in population numbers, inconsistent breed standards for Turpan fighting cocks, a lack of regular genetic monitoring, and insufficient scientific guidance for farmers. In response to these issues, the paper proposes strategies such as refining phenotypic classification standards, improve the population structure and genetic monitoring systems, and integrating cultural heritage with industry development, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the effective protection and precise management of Turpan fighting chicken genetic resources.

Key words: Turpan fighting cock, Phenotypic differentiation, Breed standards, Purebred preservation, Germplasm resources

中图分类号: 

  • S831

图1

新疆地方斗鸡分布区域"

图2

吐鲁番地区吐鲁番斗鸡 注:图片为开展表型数据采集期间拍摄。下图同。"

图3

阿克苏地区吐鲁番斗鸡"

图4

和田地区吐鲁番斗鸡"

图5

喀什地区吐鲁番斗鸡"

表1

新疆不同地区吐鲁番斗鸡冠型、喙型、裸颈、高脚多样性"

地区Region 冠型 Comb types/% 喙型 Beak shapes/% 裸颈Bare neck/% 高脚High legged/%
豆冠 玫瑰冠 平喙 带钩喙
吐鲁番 Turpan 81.58 18.42 7.89 92.11 1.75 45.61
阿克苏 Aksu 80.00 20.00 30.91 69.09 9.09 99.09
和田 Hotan 100.00 - 12.24 87.76 100.00 57.14
喀什 Kashi 80.72 19.28 15.06 84.94 28.31 87.95
伊犁Ili 82.35 17.65 11.87 88.13 18.77 89.23

表2

新疆不同地区吐鲁番斗鸡各部位羽色对比单位:%"

地区 Region 部位 Body Part 浅麻Light hemp 深麻Deep hemp 黑Black 棕Brown 灰Gray 红Red 黄Yellow 白White
吐鲁番 Turpan 颈羽 Neck feather 2 28 56 - - 14 - -
背羽 Back feather - 46 45 - - 9 - -
鞍羽 Saddle feathers - 47 44 - - 9 - -
胸羽 Chest feathers 3 - 53 8 36 - - -
腹羽 Belly feathers 3 - 53 9 36 - - -
翼羽 Wing feather - 38 44 17 1 - - -
尾羽 Tail feathers - 27 73 - - - - -
阿克苏 Aksu 颈羽 Neck feather - 61 - 4 2 33 - -
背羽 Back feather - 98 2 - - - - -
鞍羽 Saddle feathers - 48 3 - - 49 - -
胸羽 Chest feathers 28 18 50 4 - - - -
腹羽 Belly feathers 2 25 52 3 - - 18 -
翼羽 Wing feather 2 96 2 - - - - -
尾羽 Tail feathers - 46 53 - - - - 1
和田 Hotan 颈羽 Neck feather 55 15 - 17 13 - - -
背羽 Back feather 54 27 - - 19 - - -
鞍羽 Saddle feathers 53 26 12 - - 9 - -
胸羽 Chest feathers 77 - - 23 - - - -
腹羽 Belly feathers 80 - - 20 - - - -
翼羽 Wing feather 53 27 18 - 2 - - -
尾羽 Tail feathers 37 2 36 - 25 - - -
喀什 Kashi 颈羽 Neck feather 5 44 1 8 - 42 - -
背羽 Back feather - 67 27 - - 6 - -
鞍羽 Saddle feathers - 64 2 - - 34 - -
胸羽 Chest feathers 32 4 53 4 - - 7 -
腹羽 Belly feathers 10 35 44 4 - - 7 -
翼羽 Wing feather - 55 41 - 4 - - -
尾羽 Tail feathers - 53 44 - 3 - - -
伊犁 Ili 颈羽 Neck feather - 15 11 42 - 32 - -
背羽 Back feather - 43 52 - - 5 - -
鞍羽 Saddle feathers - 30 18 - - 52 - -
胸羽 Chest feathers 6 5 51 - 38 - - -
腹羽 Belly feathers 5 38 48 - 9 - - -
翼羽 Wing feather - 53 37 6 4 - - -
尾羽 Tail feathers - 53 42 - 5 - - -

表 3

新疆不同地区吐鲁番斗鸡胫色对比"

地区

Region

胫色 Shank color/%
吐鲁番Turpan 33 - 28 3 36
阿克苏Aksu 38 1 - 45 16
和田Hotan 28 56 - - 16
喀什Kashi 86 10 - - 4
伊犁Ili 42 - 21 - 37

表4

吐鲁番斗鸡公母鸡体重和体尺(x̄ ± s)"

地区Region 性别Sex 体重Body weight/g 体斜长Body length/cm 龙骨长Keel length/cm 胸宽Chest width/cm 胸深Chest depth/cm 胸角Pectoral angle/° 髋骨宽Hip width/cm 胫长Tibia length/cm 胫围Shank circumference/cm
吐鲁番Turpan 3525.25±367.48 24.25±1.26 15.35±1.36 11.28±1.02 14.28±0.75 93.28±12.53 7.35±0.85 12.5±0.8 6.78±0.75
2814.29±264.77 23.11±0.72 11.98±1.62 9.95±0.87 12.54±0.48 90.58±11.37 7.01±0.65 10.23±0.68 5.34±0.8
阿克苏Aksu 3051.28±244.95 26.48±1.16 14.43±1.12 10.83±0.99 13.98±0.29 94.06±9.80 7.88±0.65 11.98±0.82 6.24±0.82
2455.18±141.42 24.13±0.63 11.90±1.84 9.24±0.94 12.75±0.50 89.85±8.2 7.65±0.46 10.83±0.55 5.15±0.71
喀什Kashi 3514.72±132.29 25.36±1.03 15.64±1.15 10.75±1.13 13.86±0.43 93.88±9.09 7.39±0.52 12.39±1.02 6.51±0.77
2533.33±290.59 23.58±0.49 11.72±1.75 9.81±0.51 12.07±0.84 90.93±11.74 7.02±0.71 10.95±0.62 4.93±0.77
和田Hotan 3316.67±208.17 24.64±0.22 15.04±1.18 11.34±0.77 14.48±0.81 93.16±11.54 7.84±0.94 13.04±0.93 5.29±0.79
2408.75±181.34 23.44±1.35 12.09±1.53 10.23±0.54 12.58±0.58 90.97±10.37 7.24±0.62 11.19±0.61 4.83±0.52
伊犁Ili 3379.71±702.07 28.46±2.1 14.72±1.02 10.64±1.04 14.08±0.81 90.08±7.6 7.85±0.73 13.01±0.73 5.73±0.53
2472.71±540.52 24.66±2.01 13.26±1.5 9.23±1.03 12.6±1.04 85.86±8.73 7.13±0.52 10.88±0.74 4.69±0.37
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