畜禽肠道菌群失调与腹泻的关系及相关治疗

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260330.001

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 21-31.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260330.001

畜禽肠道菌群失调与腹泻的关系及相关治疗

曹宇豪¹^,²^,³(), 邹宇¹^,²^,³, 胡世杰¹^,²^,³, 牛佳琦¹^,²^,³, 朱砺¹^,²^,³, 赵叶¹^,²^,³, 甘麦邻¹^,²^,³()

^1.四川农业大学动物科技学院/猪禽种业全国重点实验室，四川成都 611130
^2.四川农业大学动物科技学院/农业农村部畜禽生物组学重点实验室，四川成都 611130
^3.四川农业大学动物科技学院/畜禽种质资源与生物育种四川省重点实验室，四川成都 611130

收稿日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-05-26 发布日期:2026-06-17
通讯作者: 甘麦邻 E-mail:1004159050@qq.com;ganmailin@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介:曹宇豪（2001—），男，河南周口人，硕士研究生，研究方向：动物遗传育种与繁殖，E-mail：1004159050@qq.com。
基金资助:
四川省科技计划(2021YFYZ0007);四川省科技计划(2021YFYZ0030);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川生猪创新团队(SCCXTD-2025-8);国家生猪产业技术体系(CARS-35)

Relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diarrhea in livestock and poultry, and related treatments

Yuhao Cao¹^,²^,³(), Yu Zou¹^,²^,³, Shijie Hu¹^,²^,³, Jiaqi Niu¹^,²^,³, Li Zhu¹^,²^,³, Ye Zhao¹^,²^,³, Mailin Gan¹^,²^,³()

^1.College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Breeding Industry, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan
^2.College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Functional Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan
^3.College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan

Received:2025-11-10 Online:2026-05-26 Published:2026-06-17
Contact: Mailin Gan E-mail:1004159050@qq.com;ganmailin@sicau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

畜禽腹泻是全球畜牧业面临的重大健康挑战，传统依赖抗生素的防治策略面临耐药菌扩散及药物残留等严峻局限。该文系统梳理了畜禽肠道菌群组成与功能，分析了菌群失调通过破坏肠道屏障、扰乱分泌功能及免疫调节引发腹泻的机制，并阐述了四大干预策略：一是以益生菌（如乳杆菌、芽孢杆菌）、益生元（如低聚果糖、菊粉）及合生元为核心的微生态制剂调控；二是涵盖日粮优化与功能性添加剂（有机酸、酶制剂、植物提取物）的营养调控；三是抗生素的合理使用及其替代品（噬菌体、抗菌肽、卵黄抗体）的应用；四是粪菌移植技术。这些策略在降低腹泻发生率、替代抗生素治疗方面展现出巨大潜力，但仍面临菌株定植效率低、跨物种标准化不足、生物安全风险等挑战。未来需深入解析关键功能菌群作用机制，研发高靶向性微生态制剂，整合多组学数据构建菌群-宿主互作网络，建立精准防控体系，推动绿色健康养殖。

关键词: 肠道菌群失调, 畜禽腹泻, 短链脂肪酸, 微生态制剂, 粪菌移植, 抗生素替代

Abstract:

Diarrhea in livestock and poultry constitutes a major health challenge to the global animal husbandry industry. Traditional prevention and control strategies that rely heavily on antibiotics are plagued by severe limitations, including the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and drug residues. In this paper, the composition and function of intestinal flora in livestock and poultry are systematically reviewed, and the mechanism of dysbacteriosis causing diarrhea, which involves destroying the intestinal barrier, disrupting secretory function, and immune regulation, is analyzed. Four intervention strategies were described: First, probiotics ( such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus ), prebiotics ( such as fructooligosaccharides, inulin ) and synbiotics were used as the core of probiotics regulation; the second is to cover diet optimization and nutritional regulation of functional additives ( organic acids, enzyme preparations, plant extracts ); third, the rational use of antibiotics and their substitutes ( phages, antimicrobial peptides, egg yolk antibodies ); fourth, fecal bacteria transplantation technology. These strategies hold great potential for reducing the incidence of diarrhea and replacing antibiotic therapy, yet they still face challenges such as low strain colonization efficiency, insufficient cross-species standardization, and biosafety risks. Moving forward, it is essential to further elucidate the mechanisms of action of key functional microbiota, develop highly targeted microecological preparations, integrate multi-omics data to construct microbiota-host interaction networks, establish a precise prevention and control system, and advance green and healthy breeding practices.

Key words: Gut microbiota dysbiosis, Livestock diarrhea, Short-chain fatty acids, Microbial preparations, Fecal microbiota transplantation, Antibiotic alternatives

中图分类号:

曹宇豪, 邹宇, 胡世杰, 牛佳琦, 朱砺, 赵叶, 甘麦邻. 畜禽肠道菌群失调与腹泻的关系及相关治疗[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(5): 21-31.

Yuhao Cao, Yu Zou, Shijie Hu, Jiaqi Niu, Li Zhu, Ye Zhao, Mailin Gan. Relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diarrhea in livestock and poultry, and related treatments[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(5): 21-31.

图/表 6

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畜禽肠道菌群失调与腹泻的关系及相关治疗

Relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diarrhea in livestock and poultry, and related treatments

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