中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 79-87.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260329.002

• 动物繁殖生理 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同消毒方式对鸽种蛋灭菌及孵化效果的影响

陈铭1(), 林随源2, 陈铭2(), 侯晓韵2, 陈伟锋2, 郭诗琦2, 詹胤锴2, 谢泽婷2, 徐昊泽2, 洪谱飞2, 韩远豪2, 杨宏秋3, 常楷悦4, 伍仲平2, 陈益填2, 梁雅妍2(), 张续勐2()   

  1. 1.揭阳市揭东区动物卫生监督所，广东 揭阳 522000
    2.仲恺农业工程学院动物科技学院，广东 广州 510225
    3.南昌洪州农业科技有限公司，江西 南昌 330000
    4.梅州金绿现代农业发展有限公司，广东 梅州 514000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-22 出版日期:2026-05-26 发布日期:2026-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 梁雅妍,张续勐 E-mail:chenming9801@163.com;362386654@qq.com;zhangxumeng@zhku.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈铭（1998—），男，广东潮州人，本科，主要从事动物卫生监督相关工作，E-mail：chenming9801@163.com。
    陈铭，硕士，现就职于揭阳市揭东区动物卫生监督所，从事基层动物防疫、检疫、监督工作，协助参与辖区内各类疫情防控方案的制定，以第一作者发表SCI及中文核心期刊论文共5篇。
    陈铭（1998—），男，广东潮州人，本科，主要从事动物卫生监督相关工作，E-mail：chenming9801@163.com。
    梁雅妍，仲恺农业工程学院副教授，广东省畜牧兽医学会鸽业分会理事。主要从事肉鸽遗传育种与产业化技术研究，主持广东省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目《新疆肉鸽新品种培育及产业化开发应用》、广州市农业科技项目《岭南肉鸽品种资源开发利用与示范推广》等多项省市级科研项目。研究成果获国家农牧渔业丰收奖二等奖、广东省农业技术推广奖一等奖。发表学术论文20余篇，出版专著1部，获授权专利7项。
    张续勐，博士，教授，博士生导师。现任仲恺农业工程学院动物科技学院动物科学系主任，民盟广东省第十六届委员会农业与生态环境委员会委员，民盟仲恺支部副主委，华南鸽业协同发展联盟副秘书长，广东省畜牧兽医学会鸽业分会副会长、广东省肉鸽行业协会副会长，中国畜牧业协会鸽业分会理事、《中国畜禽种业》杂志编委。长期从事鸽、水禽遗传育种和功能基因研究工作。主持或参与国家、省部、地市级和横向科研项目15项，在FASEB Journal，International Journal of Molecular Sciences和Journal of Animal Science等高水平SCI期刊发表论文30余篇，获得软著2项，参与获得广东省农业技术推广奖二等奖1项，制定广东省地方标准1项。
    第一联系人：共同第一作者简介： 林随源，仲恺农业工程学院，本科在读。以第一/共同作者身份在《中国畜禽种业》期刊发表/待刊论文3篇；以其他作者身份在《广东畜牧兽医科技》期刊发表/待刊论文4篇；以第一/其他作者身份在《畜牧兽医学报》期刊发表/待刊论文2篇；以其他作者身份在《Poultry Science》期刊发表论文1篇。以负责人身份申报第十一届全国大学生生命科学竞赛（科学探究类、创新创业类）。曾获第十八届“挑战杯”广东省大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛优秀奖、第十届全国大学生生命科学竞赛（创新创业类）三等奖。
  • 基金资助:
    2025年度广东省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2025-XPY-08-001);2024年度中央引导地方科技发展资金(2024B0202010014);广东省普通高校重点领域项目(2024ZDZX4013);2024年度广东省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2024-XPY-00-012);广东省现代农业家禽产业技术体系创新团队(2024CXTD20);2026年大学生创新基金项目(2026CX24)

Effects of different disinfection methods on sterilization and hatching performance of pigeon hatching eggs

Ming Chen1(), Suiyuan Lin2, Ming Chen2(), Xiaoyun Hou2, Weifeng Chen2, Shiqi Guo2, Yinkai Zhan2, Zeting Xie2, Haoze Xu2, Pufei Hong2, Yuanhao Han2, Hongqiu Yang3, Kaiyue Chang4, Zhongping Wu2, Yitian Chen2, Yayan Liang2(), Xumeng Zhang2()   

  1. 1.Jiedong District Animal Health Inspection Station of Jieyang City, Jieyang, 522000, Guangdong
    2.College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong
    3.Nanchang Hongzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Co. , Ltd. , Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi
    4.Meizhou Jinlü Modern Agricultural Development Co. , Ltd. , Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong
  • Received:2025-10-22 Online:2026-05-26 Published:2026-06-17
  • Contact: Yayan Liang, Xumeng Zhang E-mail:chenming9801@163.com;362386654@qq.com;zhangxumeng@zhku.edu.cn

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摘要：

目的 本试验旨在探究不同消毒方式对鸽种蛋蛋壳表面微生物消灭及孵化效果的影响。 方法 试验设置了5种消毒方式，使用相同孵化机及孵化程序，选取15000枚鸽种蛋，随机分为5组，每组3个重复，每个重复1000枚，入孵前各组分别采用对应方式消毒。具体试验分组为：A组（甲醛+高锰酸钾汽熏）、B组（新洁尔灭溶液浸泡）、C组（新洁尔灭溶液喷洒）、D组（高锰酸钾溶液浸泡）、E组（三氯异氰尿酸烟熏）。测定各组鸽种蛋消毒前后蛋壳表面沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌及总菌落数并计算灭菌率，记录无精蛋、死胚、健雏、弱雏、死雏等孵化相关数据。 结果 结果显示，试验未检出沙门氏菌，消毒后各组均无大肠杆菌菌落；总细菌灭菌率方面，B、C组显著高于其他组（P＜0.05），A、E组显著高于D组（P＜0.05）。孵化效果方面，C组死胚率显著最高、受精蛋孵化率显著最低（P＜0.05），E组死胚率显著最低（P＜0.05），A、E组受精蛋孵化率显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）。出雏效果方面，C组健雏率显著最低、死雏率显著最高（P＜0.05），A、E组健雏率显著最高（P＜0.05）；B组死雏率显著高于A、D、E组（P＜0.05）。 结论 综上，B、C组灭菌效果较好，A、E组孵化及出雏效果较好，C组整体效果最差，A组兼顾灭菌效果与孵化效果，综合较优。

关键词: 消毒方式, 鸽种蛋, 灭菌率, 孵化效果

Abstract:

Objective In order to explore the effects of different disinfection methods on the microorganisms eradication on the eggshell surface and hatching effect of pigeon eggs. Method This experiment established five disinfection methods. Using the same incubator and hatching program, 15000 pigeon hatching eggs were selected and randomly divided into five groups, with 3 replicates per group and 1,000 eggs per replicate. Each group was disinfected with the corresponding method before incubation. The specific groups were designed as follows: formaldehyde + potassium permanganate fumigation (Group A), bromogeramine solution immersion (Group B), bromogeramine solution spraying (Group C), potassium permanganate solution immersion (Group D), and trichloroisocyanuric acid fumigation (Group E). The surface Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E.coli), and total bacterial counts on the eggshells before and after disinfection were measured, and the sterilization rates were calculated. Hatching-related parameters including infertile eggs, dead embryos, healthy squabs,weak squabs and dead squabs were recorded. Result The results showed that Salmonella was not detected in the experiment, and no E. coli colonies were found in all groups after disinfection. For total bacterial sterilization rate, Group B and C were significantly greater than the other groups (P < 0.05), and Group A and E were significantly greater than Group D (P < 0.05). In terms of hatching performance, Group C had the significantly highest dead embryo rate and the significantly lowest hatching rate of fertile eggs (P < 0.05), while Group E had the significantly lowest dead embryo rate (P < 0.05). The hatching rates of fertile eggs in Group A and E were significantly greater than those other groups C and D (P < 0.05). For chick performance, Group C had the significantly lowest healthy chick rate and the significantly highest dead chick rate (P < 0.05), whereas Group A and E had the significantly highest healthy chick rate (P < 0.05). The dead chick rate of Group B was significantly greater than that of Group A, D and E (P < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, Group B and C showed better sterilization effects, while Group A and E exhibited better hatching and chick performance. Group C presented the poorest overall effect. Group A achieved a balance between sterilization efficiency and hatching performance, representing the optimal comprehensive treatment.

Key words: Disinfection method, Pigeon hatching eggs, Sterilization rate, Hatching performance

中图分类号: 

  • S836

表1

试验分组与消毒方式"

组别Groups消毒方式Disinfection methods

具体处理方式

Specific handling method

每1000枚操作成本参考

Operating cost

单批次耗时参考Single batch time consumption/min
A甲醛＋高锰酸钾汽熏按每1 m3空间用40%甲醛溶液5 mL＋固体高锰酸钾5 g配制成反应溶液，在容器中先放入固体高锰酸钾，再倒入甲醛溶液，反应迅速，产生水汽，密闭汽熏15 min。环境温度保持在25 ℃，相对湿度保持在60%使用40%甲醛溶液50 mL（约0.8元）+固体高锰酸钾50 g（约1.2元），合计2.0元配液3+汽熏15+通风10≈28
B新洁尔灭溶液浸泡将5%新洁尔灭溶液用37 ℃温水稀释200倍，配制成0.02%溶液，将鸽种蛋放入筛篮后浸入10～12 s，因浸泡方式下消毒剂与蛋壳接触时间更长，若不清洗可能导致残留过量，故捞出后需过清水，自然晾干使用5%新洁尔灭溶液400 mL（约4.0元）+37 ℃温水79.6 L（水费约0.8元），合计4.8元配液5+浸泡12 s+过清水10+晾干20≈35
C新洁尔灭溶液喷洒将5%新洁尔灭溶液用37 ℃温水稀释200倍，配制成0.02%溶液，用喷雾器在距离鸽蛋15～20 cm处均匀喷洒，自然晾干使用5%新洁尔灭溶液400 mL（约4.0元）+37 ℃温水79.6 L（水费约0.8元），合计4.8元配液5+喷洒10+自然晾干20≈33
D高锰酸钾溶液浸泡将固体高锰酸钾用37 ℃温水稀释200倍，配制成0.02%溶液，将鸽种蛋放入筛篮浸入10～12 s，捞出后自然晾干高锰酸钾80 g（约1.6元）+37 ℃温水79.8 L（水费约0.8元），合计2.4元配液5+浸泡12s+晾干20≈25
E三氯异氰尿酸粉烟熏按每1 m3空间用三氯异氰尿酸粉8 g，堆叠于容器中，用引线点燃后，产生气体，密闭烟熏15 min。环境温度保持在25 ℃，相对湿度保持在60%三氯异氰尿酸粉80 g（约3.2元），合计3.2元准备3+烟熏15+通风8≈26

表2

不同试验组消毒前后蛋壳表面大肠杆菌及总细菌数量情况"

项目Items菌液稀释倍数Dilution multiple of bacterial suspension组别Groups
ABCDE
消毒前Before disinfection大肠杆菌数10×PPPPP
100×15.67±0.8214.67±0.4716.00±1.4115.33±1.2514.67±1.25
菌液浓度/(CFU·mL-1)1.57×1021.47×1021.60×1021.53×1021.47×102
总细菌数10×PPPPP
100×81.67±0.4781.33±1.2580.67±1.7081.33±1.7081.67±1.25
菌液浓度/(CFU·mL-1)8.17×1028.13×1028.07×1028.13×1028.17×102
消毒后After disinfection大肠杆菌数10×NANANANANA
初始菌液浓度/(CFU·mL-1)NANANANANA
灭菌率/%100100100100100
总细菌数10×92.67±6.22bc63.33±4.89cd52.33±4.22d158.67±6.89a102.33±1.56b
初始菌液浓度/(CFU·mL-1)9.27×1036.33×1035.23×1031.59×1021.02×103
灭菌率/%88.62±2.23b92.27±3.89a93.51±1.45a80.45±1.77c87.84±4.82b

表3

不同消毒方式下鸽种蛋的孵化和出雏情况"

指标IndicatorsA组Group AB组Group BC组Group CD组Group DE组Group E
孵化情况Hatching outcomes受精率/%96.06±2.1094.84±3.4594.84±2.7896.66±1.3996.63±1.87
死胚数/个114.67±4.51c121.33±8.33b569.33±14.01a123.67±3.22b112.33±6.03c
孵化数/个853.33±7.64a827.67±7.37a374.00±29.72b839.67±12.66a859.21±26.51a
死胚率/%11.64±1.11b12.45±0.66b51.48±7.49a11.38±1.31b10.64±2.78c
受精蛋孵化率/%88.13±6.02a83.69±6.32b42.70±7.51c82.43±4.35b86.84±0.78a
出雏情况Hatching performance健雏数/只759.3±5.33a741.2±4.65a243.3±9.21c733.2±7.08b748.5±4.16a
弱雏数/只110.7±8.08b121.2±4.52b223.3±6.31a128.7±7.53b114.6±5.73b
健雏率/%86.42±1.72a82.83±1.13b52.14±1.10c83.58±0.88b86.30±1.89a
弱雏率/%13.58±1.72c18.17±1.13b47.86±1.10a19.42±0.87b13.70±1.89c
死雏率/%0.37±0.24c0.54±0.14b1.46±0.74a0.40±0.18c0.38±0.34c
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主管：中华人民共和国农业农村部
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