猪胚胎冷冻保存技术研究进展

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.006

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 88-95.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.006cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260428.006

所属专题：胚胎发育及生产技术

猪胚胎冷冻保存技术研究进展

刘志国¹(), 黄雷², 文一龙¹, 牟玉莲¹()

^1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所/畜禽生物育种全国重点实验室，北京 100193
^2. 中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所/农业农村部畜禽生物组学重点实验室/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心，广东深圳 518120

收稿日期:2025-11-27 出版日期:2026-03-26 发布日期:2026-06-17
通讯作者: 牟玉莲 E-mail:liuzhiguo@caas.cn;mouyulian@caas.cn
作者简介:
刘志国（1986—），男，副研究员，河北唐山人，研究方向：动物遗传育种与繁殖，E-mail：liuzhiguo@caas.cn。
基金资助:
畜禽生物育种全国重点实验室(XQSWYZQZ-QNYC1); 中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS05)

Advances in cryopreservation of porcine embryos

Zhiguo Liu¹(), Lei Huang², Yilong Wen¹, Yulian Mu¹()

^1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193
^2. Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong

Received:2025-11-27 Online:2026-03-26 Published:2026-06-17
Contact: Yulian Mu E-mail:liuzhiguo@caas.cn;mouyulian@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

猪胚胎冷冻保存技术是猪种质资源保护、高效利用以及基因编辑猪新品种（系）创制的关键手段之一，但由于猪胚胎脂质含量高且对低温极度敏感，其冷冻胚胎的解冻存活率以及后续发育潜能仍然与新鲜胚胎存在较大差距，尚未形成能支撑规模化应用的技术体系。该文系统介绍了猪胚胎冷冻保存技术的重要性以及常规缓慢冷冻法的局限性，重点讨论了玻璃化冷冻技术的研究现状和主要研究方向，阐述了猪玻璃化冷冻技术中冷冻保护剂改良、冷冻流程优化方面的研究现状以及利用高通量测序技术在转录组与蛋白质组水平解析猪胚胎低温损伤分子机制的最新突破性进展，最后指出未来应结合人工智能模型、代谢重编程及自动化装载设备，进一步提升冷冻胚胎的发育潜能，为地方猪遗传资源的长期保存与产业化应用奠定坚实基础。

关键词: 猪胚胎, 胚胎冷冻, 玻璃化冷冻

Abstract:

Porcine embryo cryopreservation technology serves as a key approach for the conservation and efficient utilization of pig germplasm resources, as well as for the creation of new gene-edited pig breeds. However, due to the high lipid content in porcine embryos and their extreme sensitivity to low temperatures, the post-thaw survival rate and subsequent developmental potential of cryopreserved embryos still lag significantly behind those of fresh embryos. A technical system capable of supporting large-scale applications has yet to be established. This article systematically introduces the importance of porcine embryo cryopreservation and the limitations of conventional slow-freezing methods. It focuses on discussing the current research status and main directions of vitrification cryopreservation technology, elaborating on recent advances in improving cryoprotectants and optimizing freezing protocols for porcine vitrification. Furthermore, it highlights the latest breakthroughs in using high-throughput sequencing technologies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cryo-induced damage in porcine embryos at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Finally, it proposes that future efforts should integrate artificial intelligence models, metabolic reprogramming, and automated loading devices to further enhance the developmental potential of cryopreserved embryos, thereby laying a solid foundation for the long-term preservation and industrial application of local pig genetic resources.

Key words: Porcine embryo, Embryo freezing, Vitrification

中图分类号:

S828

刘志国, 黄雷, 文一龙, 牟玉莲. 猪胚胎冷冻保存技术研究进展[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(5): 88-95.

Zhiguo Liu, Lei Huang, Yilong Wen, Yulian Mu. Advances in cryopreservation of porcine embryos[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(5): 88-95.

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参考文献 55

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胚胎Embryo	冷冻方法Methods	解冻存活率Survival rate	移植产仔率Farrowing rate	参考文献References
囊胚Blastocyst	常规缓慢冷冻法	31.0%±10.2%		[1]
囊胚Blastocyst	OPS	65%	55%	[18-20]

载体 Carrier	冷却速度 Cooling rate/(℃·min^-1)	装载体积 Loading volume/μL	特点 Features	参考文献References
传统细管Straw	～2000	250	降温速率慢，易形成冰晶，猪囊胚冻融后的胚胎平均存活率在31%	[1,7,21]
OPS	＞20000	1～2	通过减小内径提升换热效率，猪胚胎解冻存活率显著提高	[21]
SOPS	～30000	＜1	换热更快，但每次仅能装载4～6个胚胎	[21,38]
Cryotop	＞40000	＜0.1	换热效率极高，支持20枚胚胎同步冷冻	[37-40]

猪胚胎冷冻保存技术研究进展

Advances in cryopreservation of porcine embryos

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