中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 101-107.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260331.001

• 动物遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

非遗传因素对安格斯牛生长和繁殖性状的影响及各性状间相关性分析

朱旭鑫1(), 郭鹏辉2, 彭程1, 孙国虎1, 李鸿呵2, 申玉华2, 郑娟善2, 裴生伟2, 冯小芳2()   

  1. 1.甘肃省畜牧技术推广总站，甘肃 兰州 730030
    2.西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730030
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2026-05-26 发布日期:2026-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 冯小芳 E-mail:zhuxuxinfei@163.com;xiaofangf@yeah.net
  • 作者简介:朱旭鑫（1985—），男，甘肃张掖人，从事畜牧技术推广工作，E-mail：zhuxuxinfei@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    现代寒旱特色农业种业攻关和科技支撑储备项目(ZYGG-2025-10);西北民族大学校级创新团队项目

Effects of non-genetic factors on growth and reproductive traits of Angus cattle and correlation analysis among traits

Xuxin Zhu1(), Penghui Guo2, Cheng Peng1, Guohu Sun1, Honghe Li2, Yuhua Shen2, Juanshan Zheng2, Shengwei Pei2, Xiaofang Feng2()   

  1. 1.Gansu Provincial General Station of Animal Husbandry Technology Extension, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu
    2.College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu
  • Received:2025-10-09 Online:2026-05-26 Published:2026-06-17
  • Contact: Xiaofang Feng E-mail:zhuxuxinfei@163.com;xiaofangf@yeah.net

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摘要：

目的 该研究通过评估周岁重（Yearling weight, YW）与体况评分（Body condition score, BCS）对安格斯牛繁殖性能的影响，构建数据支撑体系，为安格斯牛核心群选育和制定科学合理的安格斯牛选种选育方案提供参考。 方法 该试验收集并整理2012—2023年宁夏地区6个安格斯牛规模化养殖场的安格斯牛2个生长发育性状和3个繁殖性状的记录信息，其中生长发育性状为YW和BCS，繁殖性状为初产日龄（Age at first calving, AFC）、初配月龄（Age at first service, AFS）和产犊间隔（Calving interval, CI）。使用SAS（9.2）分析了出生场-年效应和出生年-季效应对AFC、YW和BCS的影响，出生场-年效应、出生年-季效应、配种场-年效应和配种年-季效应对AFS的影响，以及出生场-年效应、出生年-季、配种场-年效应、配种年-季效应和胎次对CI的影响。 结果 通过两性状动物模型探索各性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。结果显示，非遗传因素对AFC、AFS、CI、YW和BCS均有极显著影响（P<0.01）。AFC与AFS呈中度的遗传相关性（0.45）和表型相关性（0.43），AFC与CI呈负的遗传相关性（-0.26）和表型相关性（-0.22）。生长发育性状（BCS、YW）与繁殖性状（AFC、AFS、CI）的遗传相关和表型相关结果显示，除BCS与CI（0.001）为弱的正相关外，其余生长发育性状（BCS、YW）与繁殖性状（AFC、AFS、CI）的遗传相关和表型相关均为负相关。YW与BCS呈强的正遗传相关（0.83）和表型相关（0.76）。 结论 综上，在环境效应较强的背景下，可通过限制周岁体重过快的上升速率，或利用早熟低体重母牛作为核心群亲本，间接缩短初产日龄与产犊间隔，从而实现安格斯牛繁殖效率的持续改良。

关键词: 安格斯牛, 繁殖性状, 周岁重, 体况评分, 遗传参数

Abstract:

Objective This study assessed the influence of yearling weight (YW) and body condition score (BCS) on the reproductive performance of Angus cattle, thereby establishing a data-driven support system. It provides a reference for the selection and breeding of the Angus core herd and the formulation of a scientifically sound Angus cattle selection and breeding program. Method Data was collected and organized on two growth traits—YW and BCS, and three reproductive traits—age at first calving (AFC), age at first service (AFS), and calving interval (CI)—from six large-scale Angus cattle farms in Ningxia between 2012 and 2023. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software (version 9.2) to examine the effects of birth farm-year interaction and birth year-season interaction on AFC, YW, and BCS; the effects of birth site-year interaction, birth year-season interaction, breeding farm-year interaction, and breeding year-season interaction on AFS; and the effects of birth farm-year interaction, birth year-season interaction, breeding site-year interaction, breeding year-season interaction, and parity on CI. The study utilized animal models to investigate the genetic and phenotypic correlations among various traits. Result The results demonstrated that non-genetic factors had highly significant effects (P<0.01) on age at AFC, age at AFS, CI, YW, and BCS. The genetic correlation between AFC and AFS was moderate (0.45), with a corresponding phenotypic correlation of 0.43. Conversely, AFC exhibited a negative genetic correlation (-0.26) and phenotypic correlation (-0.22) with CI. The analysis of growth traits (BCS, YW) and reproductive traits (AFC, AFS, CI) revealed that, except for a weak positive correlation between BCS and CI (0.001) (P<0.001), all other growth traits (BCS, YW) displayed negative genetic and phenotypic correlations with reproductive traits (AFC, AFS, CI). Notably, YW showed a strong positive genetic correlation (0.83) and phenotypic correlation (0.76) with BCS. Conclusion In conclusion, under conditions characterized by strong environmental influences, the reproductive efficiency of Angus cattle can be enhanced by either moderating the rate of annual weight gain or by selecting early-maturing, low-body-weight cows as foundational herd parents, thereby indirectly reducing the age at first calving and the calving interval.

Key words: Angus cattle, Reproductive traits, Yearling weight, Body condition score, Genetic parameters

中图分类号: 

  • S823

表1

安格斯牛繁殖性状、周岁重和体况评分描述性统计"

性状Traits数量N平均值Mean标准差SD变异系数CV/%最大值Max最小值Min
初产日龄AFC/d1026903.2310.2611.991119.00576.00
初配月龄AFS/月52916.752.4714.7523.0013.00
产犊间隔CI/d558386.6548.8112.62571.00303.00
周岁体重YW/kg1949428.5067.6615.79693.00305.00
体况评分BCS/分162384.546.818.0597.0061.00

表2

安格斯牛繁殖性状、周岁重和体况评分非遗传因素显著性检验结果（F值）"

性状Traits出生场-年Birth farms-year出生年-季Birth year-season胎次Parity配种场-年Service farms-year配种年-季Service year-season
初产日龄AFC72.44**58.36**
初配月龄AFS6.84**232.67**107.73**6.06**
产犊间隔CI15.98**30.98**20.26**
周岁体重YW58.45**184.62**
体况评分BCS32.70**20.91**

表3

安格斯牛各性状间的遗传相关和表型相关"

性状Traits初产日龄AFC初配月龄AFS产犊间隔CI周岁体重YW体况评分BCS
初产日龄AFC1.000.45-0.26-0.34-0.81
初配月龄AFS0.431.00--0.10-0.14
产犊间隔CI-0.22-1.00-0.15-0.02
周岁体重YW-0.11-0.13-0.051.000.83
体况评分BCS-0.79-0.250.0010.761.00
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