中国西门塔尔牛与新疆褐牛生长性能及养殖成本收益比较研究

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260907.006

中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 86-95.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260907.006cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260907.006

中国西门塔尔牛与新疆褐牛生长性能及养殖成本收益比较研究

祖玲玲¹(), 任鹏翔², 耿娟³()

^1. 阿克苏地区农业科技创新中心，新疆阿克苏 843000
^2. 阿克苏地区畜牧技术推广中心，新疆阿克苏 843000
^3. 新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧总站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2026-05-10 出版日期:2026-10-26 发布日期:2026-09-29
通讯作者: 耿娟
作者简介:
祖玲玲（1988—），女，畜牧师，研究方向：动物生产，E-mail：772620868@qq.com。
基金资助:
新疆重点产业人才支持计划肉牛产业技术体系(XARS-10-202602); 新疆褐肉用新品系（种）育种体系的建立(2022A02001-1)

Comparison of growth performance, breeding cost and benefit between Chinese Simmental cattle and Xinjiang Brown cattle

Lingling Zu¹(), Pengxiang Ren², Juan Geng³()

^1. Aksu Regional Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Aksu, 843000, China
^2. Aksu Regional Livestock Technology Extension Center, Aksu, 843000, China
^3. Animal Husbandry General Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China

Received:2026-05-10 Online:2026-10-26 Published:2026-09-29
Contact: Juan Geng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的本研究旨在比较中国西门塔尔牛与新疆褐牛在同等舍饲条件下的生长性能、养殖成本及成本收益差异，为新疆肉牛品种选型、育肥模式优化与出栏时间确定提供数据支撑。方法通过开展300 d同质化舍饲育肥对照试验，比较2个品种的单位增重成本、饲草料边际毛利与投入产出比。结果中国西门塔尔牛各月龄体重均极显著高于新疆褐牛（P＜0.01），平均日增重1.51 kg/d，显著高于新疆褐牛的1.18 kg/d（P＜0.05）；西门塔尔牛日均饲草料成本28.79元，高于新疆褐牛的23.86元，但单位增重饲草料成本（18.63元/kg）低于新疆褐牛（19.86元/kg）；西门塔尔牛单头增重产值、饲草料边际毛利显著高于新疆褐牛，饲草料投入产出比1.36∶1，优于新疆褐牛的1.27∶1。结论研究认为，规模化舍饲育肥模式下，中国西门塔尔牛生长速度快、饲料转化效率高、单位增重成本低、饲草料边际毛利高，综合经济效益显著优于新疆褐牛；新疆褐牛耐粗饲、日均饲喂投入低，更适配放牧及半放牧养殖模式。建议规模化标准化牛场优先选用中国西门塔尔牛，拥有天然草场的农牧户可差异化饲养新疆褐牛。

关键词: 中国西门塔尔牛, 新疆褐牛, 生长性能, 日增重, 养殖成本, 经济效益

Abstract:

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the growth performance, breeding cost and cost-benefit differences between Chinese Simmental cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle under the same barn feeding conditions, and to provide data support for the selection of Xinjiang beef cattle varieties, the optimization of fattening mode and the determination of slaughter timing. Method A 300‐day homogeneous barn‐feeding fattening controlled trial was conducted. The two breeds were compared in terms of cost per unit weight gain, marginal gross profit from forage feed, and input–output ratio. Result The findings revealed that: Chinese Simmental cattle exhibited significantly higher body weights at all monthly age points than Xinjiang Brown cattle, with an average daily gain of 1.51 kg/d, markedly higher than the 1.18 kg/d recorded for Xinjiang Brown cattle;the daily forage feed cost for Simmental cattle was CNY 28.79, higher than the CNY 23.86 for Xinjiang Brown cattle; however, the feed cost per unit weight gain was lower for Simmental (CNY 18.63/kg) than for Xinjiang Brown (CNY 19.86/kg); Simmental cattle had significantly higher weight gain output value and forage feed marginal gross profit per head, and achieved a feed input–output ratio of 1.36:1, outperforming the 1.27:1 ratio of Xinjiang Brown cattle. Conclusion It is concluded that under large‐scale barn‐fattening systems, Chinese Simmental cattle exhibit faster growth rates, superior feed conversion efficiency, lower unit weight‐gain costs, and higher marginal returns, thus demonstrating significantly better overall economic performance than Xinjiang Brown cattle. Conversely, Xinjiang Brown cattle show greater roughage tolerance and lower daily feeding input costs, making them more suitable for grazing and semi‐grazing systems. Therefore, it is recommended that large‐scale standardised feedlots prioritise Chinese Simmental cattle, while farming–pastoral households with access to natural pastures may adopt differentiated feeding strategies for Xinjiang Brown cattle.

Key words: Chinese Simmental cattle, Xinjiang Brown cattle, Growth performance, Daily gain, Breeding cost, Economic benefit

中图分类号:

S823

祖玲玲, 任鹏翔, 耿娟. 中国西门塔尔牛与新疆褐牛生长性能及养殖成本收益比较研究[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(10): 86-95.

Lingling Zu, Pengxiang Ren, Juan Geng. Comparison of growth performance, breeding cost and benefit between Chinese Simmental cattle and Xinjiang Brown cattle[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(10): 86-95.

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原料 Ingredient/%	前期 Early stage (1-100 d)	中期Mid‑stage (101-200 d)	后期 Late stage (201-300 d)	营养水平 Nutritional level/%	前期 Early stage (1-100 d)	中期 Mid‑stage (101-200 d)	后期 Late stage (201-300 d)
玉米Corn	45.0	52.0	60.0	代谢能ME/(MJ·kg^-1)	11.55	11.68	12.05
小麦麸Wheat bran	8.0	7.0	5.0	粗蛋白质CP	12.85	12.10	11.75
大豆饼Soybean cake	8.0	7.0	5.0	粗脂肪EE	4.48	4.52	4.55
高粱Sorghum	5.0	5.0	4.0	钙Ca	0.86	0.84	0.81
米糠Rice bran	4.0	3.0	2.0	总磷Total P	0.45	0.43	0.41
棉籽饼Cottonseed cake	4.0	3.0	2.0
食盐NaCl	0.5	0.5	0.5
小苏打NaHCO₃	0.5	1.0	1.5
青贮玉米Corn silage	15.0	13.0	12.0
苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay	5.0	4.0	3.0
玉米秸秆Corn stover	3.0	3.0	3.0
黑麦草Ryegrass	2.0	1.5	2.0
合计Total	100.0	100.0	100.0

育肥阶段 Fattening stage	指标 Indicator	中国西门塔尔牛 Chinese Simmental cattle	新疆褐牛 Xinjiang Brown cattle	P值 P‑value
前期Early stage(1～100 d)	阶段增重/kg	137.35±5.80^a	112.46±6.38^b	0.006
前期Early stage(1～100 d)	平均日增重/（kg·d^-1）	1.53±0.06^a	1.25±0.07^b	0.006
中期Mid‑stage(101～200 d)	阶段增重/kg	137.81±5.99^a	107.84±5.87^b	0.001
中期Mid‑stage(101～200 d)	平均日增重/（kg·d^-1）	1.53±0.07^a	1.20±0.07^b	0.001
后期Late stage(201‑300 d)	阶段增重/kg	133.19±7.58^a	97.38±6.59^b	0.001
后期Late stage(201‑300 d)	平均日增重/（kg·d^-1）	1.48±0.08^a	1.08±0.07^b	0.001
全期Whole period(1‑300d)	总增重/kg	408.35±7.76^a	317.67±4.77^b	<0.001
全期Whole period(1‑300d)	平均日增重/（kg·d^-1）	1.51±0.03^a	1.18±0.02^b	<0.001

品种Breed	模型Model	A	B	k	R²	RSS	AIC
中国西门塔尔牛 Chinese Simmental cattle	Logistic	1070.1	2.371	0.177	0.997	417.9	43.33
	Brody	4719.8	0.935	0.011	0.997	355.2	41.70
	Gompertz	1352.4	1.465	0.094	0.997	375.5	42.26
	Bertalanffy	1583.1	0.419	0.066	0.997	366.1	42.00
新疆褐牛 Xinjiang Brown cattle	Logistic	735.7	2.556	0.207	0.999	98.9	28.92
	Brody	2215.9	0.912	0.019	0.999	104.3	29.45
	Gompertz	902.2	1.496	0.113	0.999	90.6	28.04
	Bertalanffy	1030.5	0.421	0.082	0.999	92.6	28.25

项目Item	中国西门塔尔牛Chinese Simmental cattle	新疆褐牛Xinjiang Brown cattle
300 d标准化总增重300‑d standardized total weight gain/kg	417.0	324.0
平均日增重ADG/(kg·d^-1)	1.39	1.08
日均饲草料成本Average daily forage cost/(元·d^-1)	28.79	23.86
全期饲草料总成本Whole‑period total forage cost/元	8602.8	7158.0
单位增重饲草料成本Forage cost per unit weight gain/(元·kg^-1)	18.63	19.86
增重产值Weight‑gain output value/元	11676.0	9 072.0
饲草料边际毛利Forage marginal gross profit/元	3073.2	1914.0
饲草料投入产出比Forage input‑output ratio	1.36∶1	1.27∶1

中国西门塔尔牛与新疆褐牛生长性能及养殖成本收益比较研究

Comparison of growth performance, breeding cost and benefit between Chinese Simmental cattle and Xinjiang Brown cattle

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