目的 本研究旨在探讨体刷梳理对渤海黑牛肠道菌群结构、血清代谢特征及抗氧化能力的影响，以期为渤海黑牛养殖福利工具的应用与改善提供理论依据。 方法 选取18头12月龄、体重为（195±6.73） kg的健康雄性渤海黑牛，随机分为对照组（C2）和体刷梳理组（N2），每组9头，试验期180 d。试验结束后取牛只粪便进行16S rRNA基因测序，采集颈静脉血液分离血清用于非靶向代谢测序和抗氧化指标测定。 结果 结果表明：与对照组相比，体刷梳理组肠道菌群的Shannon指数、Simpson指数显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），Observed物种数和Chao1指数表现出高于对照组的趋势；NMDS分析显示两组微生物群落结构存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。正交偏最小二乘判别分析模型表明两组血清代谢物显著分离，共鉴定出180个上调和43个下调的差异代谢物，主要属于氨基酸衍生物和脂肪酸衍生物等类型；精氨酸生物合成、三羧酸循环等关键代谢通路被显著富集（P＜0.05）。体刷梳理显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力和过氧化氢酶的活性（P＜0.05），并降低了丙二醛含量（P＞0.05）。相关性分析发现，核心代谢物鸟氨酸、瓜氨酸与肠道核心菌属g_5-7N15和普雷沃氏菌（g_Prevotella）存在特异性关联。 结论 综上，体刷梳理可通过改善渤海黑牛肠道菌群丰度与结构，调控精氨酸生物合成及三羧酸循环通路，增强血液抗氧化酶活性，从而显著提升渤海黑牛的抗氧化能力。

Objective This study aimsed to explorinvestigate the effects of body brushing on the intestinal flormicrobiota structure, serum metabolic characteristics, and antioxidant capacity ofin Bohai Black cattle, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application and improvement of welfare tools in Bohai Black cattle breeding. Method Eighteen 12-month-old healthy male Bohai Black cattle with an average body weight of (195 ± 6.73) kg were randomly divided into a control group (C2) and a body brushing group (N2), with 9 cattle per group, and the experimental period lasted 180 days. At the end of the trial, fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and jugular blood samples were harvested to separate serum for untargeted metabolomic sequencing and determination of antioxidant indices. Result Compared with the control group, the Shannon index and Simpson index of intestinal microbiota in the body brushing group were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the number of observed species and Chao1 index tended to be higher. NMDS analysis revealed significant differences in microbial community structure between the two groups (P < 0.05). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed distinct separation of serum metabolites between the two groups. A total of 180 upregulated and 43 downregulated differential metabolites were identified, mainly including amino acid derivatives and fatty acid derivatives. Key metabolic pathways such as arginine biosynthesis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly enriched (P < 0.05). Body brushing significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and catalase (CAT), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that the core metabolites ornithine and citrulline were specifically associated with the core intestinal genera g_5-7N15 and g_Prevotella. Conclusion In summary, body brushing can improve the abundance and structure of intestinal microbiota in Bohai Black cattle, regulate arginine biosynthesis and the TCA cycle pathway, enhance blood antioxidant enzyme activities, and thereby significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of Bohai Black cattle.