中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 60-71.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260602.005cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260602.005

• 种质资源利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

体刷梳理对渤海黑牛肠道菌群结构、血清代谢及抗氧化能力的影响

李壮冰1,2(), 杨蕾3, 雷薇薇4, 任宪光5, 王忠功5, 蔡永军5, 陈伟5, 张西锋1()   

  1. 1.青岛农业大学动物科技学院，山东 青岛 266109
    2.青岛农业大学动物医学院，山东 青岛 266109
    3.山东省棣牛良种繁育有限公司，山东 无棣 251912
    4.中国农业国际合作促进会动物福利与可持续农食分会，北京 100044
    5.青岛问峰实业有限公司，山东 青岛 266200
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-11 出版日期:2026-06-26 发布日期:2026-07-06
  • 通讯作者: 张西锋 E-mail:15670763172@163.com;zhangxf9465@163.com
  • 作者简介:李壮冰（2001—），男，河南安阳人，硕士研究生，主要从事动物生殖生理与生殖调控研究，E-mail：15670763172@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划（农业良种工程）项目(2024LZGC019);企业横向课题“畜牧福利产品的研发及功能评价”(20240072)

Effects of body brushing on intestinal microbiota structure, serum metabolism and antioxidant capacity in Bohai Black cattle

Zhuangbing Li1,2(), Lei Yang3, Weiwei Lei4, Xianguang Ren5, Zhonggong Wang5, Yongjun Cai5, Wei Chen5, Xifeng Zhang1()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong
    2.College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong
    3.Shandong Di Niu Improved Breed Breeding Co. , Ltd. , Wudi, 251912, Shandong
    4.Animal Welfare and Sustainable Agri-Food Chapter, China Association for the Promotion of International Agricultural Cooperation, Beijing, 100044
    5.Qingdao Wenfeng Industrial Co. , Ltd. , Qingdao, 266200, Shandong
  • Received:2026-02-11 Online:2026-06-26 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: Xifeng Zhang E-mail:15670763172@163.com;zhangxf9465@163.com

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摘要：

目的 本研究旨在探讨体刷梳理对渤海黑牛肠道菌群结构、血清代谢特征及抗氧化能力的影响，以期为渤海黑牛养殖福利工具的应用与改善提供理论依据。 方法 选取18头12月龄、体重为（195±6.73） kg的健康雄性渤海黑牛，随机分为对照组（C2）和体刷梳理组（N2），每组9头，试验期180 d。试验结束后取牛只粪便进行16S rRNA基因测序，采集颈静脉血液分离血清用于非靶向代谢测序和抗氧化指标测定。 结果 结果表明：与对照组相比，体刷梳理组肠道菌群的Shannon指数、Simpson指数显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），Observed物种数和Chao1指数表现出高于对照组的趋势；NMDS分析显示两组微生物群落结构存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。正交偏最小二乘判别分析模型表明两组血清代谢物显著分离，共鉴定出180个上调和43个下调的差异代谢物，主要属于氨基酸衍生物和脂肪酸衍生物等类型；精氨酸生物合成、三羧酸循环等关键代谢通路被显著富集（P＜0.05）。体刷梳理显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力和过氧化氢酶的活性（P＜0.05），并降低了丙二醛含量（P＞0.05）。相关性分析发现，核心代谢物鸟氨酸、瓜氨酸与肠道核心菌属g_5-7N15和普雷沃氏菌（g_Prevotella）存在特异性关联。 结论 综上，体刷梳理可通过改善渤海黑牛肠道菌群丰度与结构，调控精氨酸生物合成及三羧酸循环通路，增强血液抗氧化酶活性，从而显著提升渤海黑牛的抗氧化能力。

关键词: 渤海黑牛, 体刷梳理, 肠道菌群, 血清代谢, 抗氧化能力

Abstract:

Objective This study aimsed to explorinvestigate the effects of body brushing on the intestinal flormicrobiota structure, serum metabolic characteristics, and antioxidant capacity ofin Bohai Black cattle, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application and improvement of welfare tools in Bohai Black cattle breeding. Method Eighteen 12-month-old healthy male Bohai Black cattle with an average body weight of (195 ± 6.73) kg were randomly divided into a control group (C2) and a body brushing group (N2), with 9 cattle per group, and the experimental period lasted 180 days. At the end of the trial, fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and jugular blood samples were harvested to separate serum for untargeted metabolomic sequencing and determination of antioxidant indices. Result Compared with the control group, the Shannon index and Simpson index of intestinal microbiota in the body brushing group were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the number of observed species and Chao1 index tended to be higher. NMDS analysis revealed significant differences in microbial community structure between the two groups (P < 0.05). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed distinct separation of serum metabolites between the two groups. A total of 180 upregulated and 43 downregulated differential metabolites were identified, mainly including amino acid derivatives and fatty acid derivatives. Key metabolic pathways such as arginine biosynthesis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly enriched (P < 0.05). Body brushing significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and catalase (CAT), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that the core metabolites ornithine and citrulline were specifically associated with the core intestinal genera g_5-7N15 and g_Prevotella. Conclusion In summary, body brushing can improve the abundance and structure of intestinal microbiota in Bohai Black cattle, regulate arginine biosynthesis and the TCA cycle pathway, enhance blood antioxidant enzyme activities, and thereby significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of Bohai Black cattle.

Key words: Bohai Black cattle, Body brushing, Intestinal microbiota, Serum metabolism, Antioxidant capacity

中图分类号: 

  • S823

图1

渤海黑牛对照组和体刷干预组肠道微生物α多样性的影响注：C2和N2分别为对照组和体刷梳理组。*表示组间差异显著（P<0.05）。下图同。"

图2

渤海黑牛对照组和体刷干预组肠道微生物结构差异注：NMDS排序图中椭圆代表置信区间，蓝色点（C2）和橙色点（N2）分别代表两个分组的样本。"

图3

不同组别门水平、属水平肠道菌群堆叠柱状图"

图4

属水平丰度热图注：基于属水平微生物丰度的Z-score标准化热图及层次聚类分析。红色表示相对丰度较高，蓝色表示相对丰度较低；样本分为C2组（绿色）和N2组（紫色）。"

图5

渤海黑牛肠道核心菌属的随机森林分析注：左侧条形图为随机森林分析识别出的前15个重要菌属，右侧条形图代表其变量投影重要性（VIP）。"

图6

渤海黑牛肠道菌属微生物共现网络注：节点代表各微生物属。"

图7

血清代谢组学质控（QC）样本的Pearson相关性分析"

图8

正交偏最小二乘判别分析模型（OPLS-DA）"

图9

差异代谢物火山图分析注：红色为上调（180个）、蓝色为下调（43个）代谢物，点大小代表VIP值。"

图10

代谢物平均强度散点图注：点颜色代表-lg (P-value)，点大小代表VIP值，标注了关键差异代谢物。"

图11

差异代谢物类别分布饼图"

图12

差异代谢物丰度热图及聚类分析注：基于Z-score标准化的差异代谢物丰度热图及层次聚类，展示C2组与N2组样本的代谢物表达差异，右侧列标注代谢物分类、Log₂(FC)、-lg (p)及VIP值。"

图13

差异代谢物通路富集分析注：点大小表示通路内差异代谢物数量，颜色表示富集显著性（DAscore）。"

图14

通路影响值气泡图注：纵坐标为通路富集显著性（-log₁₀(P)），横坐标为通路拓扑重要性（Pathway impact）；点的大小代表通路影响值，颜色代表富集显著性（越红表示P值越小、富集程度越高）。"

图15

关键差异代谢物相对丰度箱线图"

图16

抗氧化酶及氧化应激指标水平柱状图"

图17

能量代谢通路中代谢物水平柱状图"

图18

肠道核心菌属与关键差异代谢物的关联分析网络图注：连线颜色与粗细分别代表Mantel检验的P值和相关系数r，右侧补充Pearson相关系数热图。"

图19

肠道核心菌属与关键差异代谢物相关性热图注：*代表显著相关（|r|=0.5，P=0.05），红色为正相关、蓝色为负相关。"

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