中国畜禽种业 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (7): 58-68.doi: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260629.003cstr: 32418.14.j.cnki.1673-4556.20260629.003

所属专题： 精液生产、保存及应用技术

• 动物繁殖生理 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同同期发情处理及蛋白营养补给对非发情季节放牧生产欧拉羊发情率及血液激素水平影响

李一凡1, 阎明毅1, 吴森1, 李永钦2, 李成云2, 多杰才让3, 唐燕青2, 唐燕花4   

  1. 1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室/青海省高原家畜遗传资源保护与创新利用重点实验室，青海 西宁 810016
    2. 河南蒙古族自治县畜牧兽医站，青海 黄南 811300
    3. 河南蒙古族自治县有机产业科技园区管理委员会，青海 黄南 811300
    4. 河南蒙古族自治县生态有机畜牧业技术服务中心，青海 黄南 811300
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-27 出版日期:2026-07-26 发布日期:2026-07-18
  • 作者简介:
    李一凡（2001—），硕士研究生，主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究，青海大学畜牧兽医科学院，硕士研究生。参与国家自然科学基金项目（32460827）。2025年获中国研究生乡村振兴科技强农+创新大赛三等奖，E-mail：。
    吴森（1987—），男，陕西咸阳人，副研究员，主要从事生物技术育种与健康养殖、动物生长发育调控研究，青海大学畜牧兽医科学院副研究员、博士生导师。国家肉羊产业技术体系西宁综合试验站核心骨干，青海省科技特派员。入选青海省“高端创新人才千人计划”。主持国家自然科学基金（32460827）等省部级项目6项。发表SCI论文16篇、中文核心论文40余篇；获发明专利1项、实用新型专利10项；登记软件著作权31项、科技成果5项；参与制定地方标准2项。E-mail：。
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技计划项目(2024-NK-104); 青海省科技计划项目(2025-NK-P54)

Effects of different estrus treatments and protein nutritional supplementation on estrus rate and blood hormone levels of Oula sheep in grazing during the non-estrus season

Yifan Li1, Mingyi Yan1, Sen Wu1, Yongqin Li2, Chengyun Li2, Cairang Duojie3, Yanqing Tang2, Yanhua Tang4   

  1. 1. Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xining, 810016, Qinghai
    2. Henan Mongolian Autonomous County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Huangnan, 811300, Qinghai
    3. Management Committee of Organic Industry Science and Technology Park of Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, Huangnan, 811300, Qinghai
    4. Henan Mongolian Autonomous County Ecological Organic Animal Husbandry Technical Service Center, Huangnan, 811300, Qinghai
  • Received:2026-04-27 Online:2026-07-26 Published:2026-07-18

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摘要：

目的 欧拉羊是青藏高原重要的肉用藏羊品种，但受漫长冷季牧草资源短缺及季节性发情特性影响，自然放牧条件下非发情季节发情率极低，严重制约了批次化生产和养殖效益提升。本研究旨在探索一种在青藏高原冷季末期成本可控、操作简便且发情效果可接受的同期发情处理方案，为放牧欧拉羊的批次化繁殖生产提供技术支撑。 方法 在青海省黄南州河南蒙古族自治县某无角欧拉羊养殖合作社，选取160只2.5岁健康的经产无角欧拉羊母羊，随机分为16组，每组10只。设置4个营养水平：自然放牧组、补饲16%、18%、20%蛋白水平精饲料组；同时设置3个同期发情处理方案：两次氯前列醇钠（前列腺素， Prostaglandin， PG）注射，孕达海绵栓（Progesterone-releasing intravaginal device， PRID）埋植联合PG注射以及戈那瑞林（性腺激素释放激素， Gonadotropin-releasing hormone， GnRH）联合PG注射。试验期共10 d，于试验开始和结束时采集血液，采用酶联免疫吸附试验分析试剂盒检测血清中雌二醇（Estradiol， E2）、孕酮（Progesterone， P）、促黄体激素（Luteinizing hormone， LH）和促卵泡激素（Follicle-stimulating hormone， FSH）水平，并于试验结束时采用公羊试情法统计发情率。 结果 非发情季节自然放牧条件下欧拉羊不发情（发情率0%）；补饲精料后开始出现自然发情，18%及以上蛋白水平精饲料补给可使自然发情率提高至30%。在自然放牧基础上单独使用外源激素进行同期发情处理，发情率可达30%～40%。营养补饲联合同期发情处理可进一步提高发情率，其中18%蛋白水平精饲料联合GnRH+PG方案发情率最高，达到60%。激素检测结果显示，发情欧拉羊血清中E2和LH水平各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）；GnRH+PG方案处理组发情羊血清FSH水平显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；PRID+PG方案处理组发情羊血清P水平显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。 结论 在青藏高原冷季末期，短期补饲18%及以上蛋白水平精饲料可有效诱导非发情季节欧拉羊自然发情，但发情率有限，联合外源激素同期发情处理可进一步提高发情率，其中短期补饲18%蛋白水平精饲料并采用GnRH+PG方案效果较好，可在成本可控范围内实现约60%的同期发情率。

关键词: 同期发情, 放牧生产, 非发情季节, 藏羊, 蛋白营养, 发情率

Abstract:

Objective Oula sheep are an important meat-purpose breed of Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. However, due to pasture shortages during the long cold season and their seasonal estrus pattern, the estrus rate of grazing Oula sheep during the non-estrus season is extremely low, which severely limits batch production and farming efficiency. This study therefore sought to identify a cost-effective and easy-to-apply estrus synchronization protocol for grazing Oula sheep at the end of the cold season that would provide technical support for batch reproduction. Methods The study was conducted at a hornless Oula sheep cooperative in Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, Huangnan Prefecture, Qinghai Province. A total of 160 healthy, multiparous, 2.5-year-old hornless Oula ewes with similar body weights were randomly assigned to 16 groups of 10 animals each. Four nutritional levels were compared: natural grazing alone, and natural grazing supplemented with concentrates containing 16%, 18% or 20% crude protein. Three estrus synchronization protocols were also applied: two injections of cloprostenol (PG); insertion of a flurogestone acetate sponge (Progesterone-releasing intravaginal device, PRID) combined with a PG injection; and an injection of gonadorelin (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH) combined with a PG injection. The experiment lasted 10 days. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment, and serum concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Estrus rates were determined at the end of the experiment by teasing with a ram. Results Under natural grazing conditions during the non-estrus season, Oula sheep did not show estrus (0% estrus rate). After concentrate supplementation, natural estrus began to appear. Supplementation with 18% or higher protein concentrate increased the natural estrus rate to 30%. Treatment with exogenous hormones alone under natural grazing conditions produced estrus rates of 30%–40%. Combining nutritional supplementation with estrus synchronization treatment further increased estrus rates, with the highest rate (60%) observed in the group that received 18% protein supplementation combined with the GnRH+PG protocol. Hormone measurements revealed no significant differences in serum E2 or LH concentrations among the groups (P > 0.05). The GnRH+PG group had significantly higher serum FSH concentrations than the other groups (P < 0.05), while the PRID+PG group had significantly higher serum P concentrations than the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion At the end of the cold season on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, short-term supplementation with 18% or higher protein concentrate effectively induces natural estrus in Oula sheep during the non-estrus season, but the resulting estrus rate remains modest. Adding exogenous hormone treatment to nutritional supplementation improves the estrus rate further. The combination of short-term 18% protein supplementation with the GnRH+PG protocol achieves approximately 60% estrus synchronization at a manageable cost and is recommended for batch reproduction of grazing Oula sheep during the non-estrus season.

Key words: Synchronization of estrus, Grazing production, Non-estrus season, Tibetan sheep, Protein nutrition, Estrus rate

中图分类号: 

  • S826

表1

试验动物的分组和处理方案"

序号NO.

未做同期发情药物处理

No estrus synchronization

同期发情处理1组

Estrus synchronization group 1

同期发情处理2组

Estrus synchronization group 2

同期发情处理3组

Estrus synchronization group 3
1 A组自然放牧 E组（A组+处理1） I组（A组+处理2） M组（A组+处理3）
2 B组（A组+16%蛋白精饲料） F组（B组+处理1） J组（B组+处理2） N组（B组+处理3）
3 C组（A组+18%蛋白精饲料） G组（C组+处理1） K组（C组+处理2） O组（C组+处理3）
4 D组（A组+20%蛋白精饲料） H组（D组+处理1） L组（D组+处理2） P组（D组+处理3）

表2

不同蛋白水平精饲料主要营养成分"

原料Ingredients/% 组别Groups
16%蛋白 18%蛋白 20%蛋白
玉米Corn 60.2 54.5 48.8
小麦Wheat 10 10 10
豆粕Soybean meal 16.1 21.8 27.5
菜籽粕Rapeseed meal 2 2 2
棉籽粕Cottonseed meal 2 2 2
玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal 2 2 2
棕榈粕Palm kernel meal 2 2 2
食盐NaCl 1 1 1
石粉Limestone 1 1 1
小苏打NaHCO₃ 0.1 0.1 0.1
预混料Premix1 3.6 3.6 3.6
营养水平Nutritional level2
消化能DE/(MJ·kg－1) 12.96 12.97 12.96
粗蛋白质CP 16.11 18.06 20.06
粗脂肪EE 3.79 4.13 4.44
粗纤维CF 4.67 4.43 4.24
中性洗涤纤维NDF 12.99 12.69 12.39
酸性洗涤纤维ADF 6.78 6.4 6.03
钙Ca 1.5 1.49 1.48
磷P 0.59 0.61 0.63

表3

不同处理方案成本核算"

序号NO. 组别Groups 氯前列醇钠PG/(元·次-1) 孕达海绵栓PRID/(元·次-1) 戈那瑞林GnRH/(元·次-1) 操作次数Number of operations/次 总计Total cost/(元·只-1)
1 同期发情处理1组 2 2 4
2 同期发情处理2组 2 10 3 12
3 同期发情处理3组 2 3.5 3 9

表4

营养补给及同期发情处理后欧拉羊发情表现"

项目Item 组别Groups
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
受测母羊数Number of ewes tested/只 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
发情母羊数Number of ewes in estrus/只 0 1 3 3 3 4 5 5 4 4 5 6 4 5 6 6
发情率Estrus rate/% 0 10 30 30 30 40 50 50 40 40 50 60 40 50 60 60

表5

不同蛋白水平补饲及联合GnRH+PG方案对非发情季节欧拉羊自然发情率的影响"

序号NO. 组别Groups 处理Treatment 受测母羊数Number of ewes tested/只 发情母羊数Number of ewes in estrus/只 发情率Estrus rate/%
1 自然放牧 自然放牧 10 0 0
2 自然放牧+16%蛋白饲料 单独补饲 10 1 10
3 自然放牧+18%蛋白饲料 单独补饲 10 3 30
4 自然放牧+20%蛋白饲料 单独补饲 10 3 30
5 自然放牧 自然放牧+ GnRH+PG 10 4 40
6 自然放牧+16%蛋白饲料 补饲+ GnRH+PG 10 5 50
7 自然放牧+18%蛋白饲料 补饲+ GnRH+PG 10 6 60
8 自然放牧+20%蛋白饲料 补饲+ GnRH+PG 10 6 60

表6

营养补给及同期发情处理后欧拉羊血清性激素水平"

组别Groups 处理前Before treatment 发情羊（处理后）Estrus ewes (after treatment)
雌二醇E2/(pg·mL-1) 促卵泡激素FSH/(mIU·mL-1) 促黄体激素LH/(mIU·mL-1) 孕酮P/(ng·mL-1) 雌二醇E2/(pg·mL-1) 促卵泡激素FSH/(mIU·mL-1) 促黄体激素LH/(mIU·mL-1) 孕酮P/(ng·mL-1)
A 35.02±0.57 2.41±0.21 3.60±0.41 17.41±0.78 / / / /
B 34.85±1.41 2.39±0.17 3.57±0.77 17.22±1.42 68.80 4.20 4.15 8.33
C 34.72±0.63 2.48±0.25 3.61±1.29 17.43±0.90 70.22±1.48 4.30±0.06b 4.20±0.11 8.25±0.36b
D 34.81±0.57 2.40±0.19 3.54±0.34 17.31±1.03 71.33±2.55 4.22±0.24b 4.31±0.15 8.34±0.41b
E 34.70±1.33 2.27±0.33 3.55±0.66 16.99±1.08 69.74±3.01 4.21±0.16b 4.01±0.24 8.37±0.24b
F 35.11±0.81 2.35±0.17 3.54±0.41 17.11±2.04 69.41±2.48 4.36±0.22b 4.22±0.31 8.16±0.37b
G 35.09±0.76 2.35±0.25 3.59±0.56 17.34±0.47 70.08±2.18 4.38±0.21b 4.13±0.18 8.27±0.43b
H 34.93±1.31 2.40±0.22 3.55±0.70 17.28±1.62 69.44±1.08 4.22±0.24b 4.37±0.22 8.46±0.23b
I 34.88±1.42 2.36±0.17 3.49±1.36 17.30±0.82 70.15±1.37 4.27±0.16b 4.28±0.17 8.96±0.18a
J 35.10±1.88 2.27±0.31 3.52±0.64 17.36±0.55 69.15±2.77 4.39±0.16b 4.26±0.27 9.19±0.33a
K 34.65±0.94 2.52±0.32 3.58±1.29 17.50±1.03 70.97±1.38 4.27±0.13b 4.29±0.30 9.39±0.35a
L 34.77±2.46 2.41±0.29 3.58±1.33 17.35±0.81 68.49±1.91 4.33±0.18b 4.35±0.11 9.46±0.42a
M 34.67±2.00 2.29±0.41 3.33±0.44 16.88±2.04 70.01±2.34 4.47±0.21ab 4.31±0.21 8.14±0.17b
N 35.01±1.84 2.37±0.22 3.34±0.47 17.03±1.73 72.22±1.27 4.91±0.24a 4.31±0.18 8.27±0.39b
O 34.77±1.31 2.41±0.37 3.46±0.36 17.24±1.09 73.41±2.38 4.86±0.18a 4.59±0.18 8.31±0.46b
P 35.23±0.97 2.27±0.41 3.70±0.14 16.88±2.07 73.83±3.09 4.79±0.19a 4.59±0.20 8.24±0.38b
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