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王宏浩(1990—),男,山西汾阳人,研究方向:牛遗传育种,E-mail:whonghao2025@163.com。 |
收稿日期: 2026-02-11
网络出版日期: 2026-07-31
基金资助
山西省科技重大专项计划(202201140601026)
Shanxi beef cattle breeding: Focus on the genetic improvement practices of "Taihang Cloud Cattle"
Received date: 2026-02-11
Online published: 2026-07-31
肉牛种业是现代肉牛产业的核心基础,关系牛肉供给安全,是畜牧业战略性基础性支撑。在落实《全国肉牛遗传改良计划(2021—2035年)》政策要求时,需要突破种源技术瓶颈,提高产业核心竞争力;同时也要针对“太行云牛”这一山西省自主培育的特色肉牛品种,需要在育种工作中解决产业发展衔接的问题。本文梳理了“太行云牛”历经半个多世纪杂交改良与系统选育的遗传改良过程,总结其基于本土黄牛种质资源,经杂交改良、品系纯化与标准化选育构建的育种体系,明确各阶段选育目标与技术路径,综合评价其在生产性能、抗逆性及肉质品质等性状上的改良成效与种质优势,明确其产业应用价值;结合国家种业振兴战略方向、现代生物育种技术的发展方向,系统剖析当前太行云牛育种研究与产业发展脱节的关键问题,指出选育方向与市场适配度不足、成果转化机制滞后、良种繁育体系不完善、技术落地不足等短板。目前已明确“太行云牛”从传统地方黄牛,转变为具备较高经济价值的专业化肉用牛种,这一遗传改良工作取得阶段性成果。针对“太行云牛”育种及肉牛种业发展的核心问题,结合相关战略与技术发展方向,提出数据化联合育种平台建设,全产业链融合发展、创新技术推广模式等,为山西省肉牛种业高质量发展,提供具有理论价值和实践指导意义的发展路径。
王宏浩 , 刘彦杰 , 张元庆 . 山西肉牛育种:聚焦“太行云牛”的遗传改良实践[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026 , 22(8) : 48 -53 . DOI: 10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260716.001
Beef cattle seed industry constitutes the core foundation of the modern beef cattle sector, bears implications for the supply security of beef, and serves as a strategically fundamental pillar for animal husbandry. In implementing the policy requirements of the National Beef Cattle Genetic Improvement Plan (2021-2035), it is imperative to break through bottlenecks in germplasm source technologies and enhance the core competitiveness of the industry. Meanwhile, targeted efforts are required to address mismatches between breeding practices and industrial development for "Taihang Cloud Cattle", a distinctive beef cattle breed independently developed in Shanxi Province. This paper reviews the genetic improvement process of "Taihang Cloud Cattle" spanning more than half a century of crossbreeding improvement and systematic selective breeding. It summarizes its breeding system established through crossbreeding improvement, strain purification and standardized selective breeding based on indigenous yellow cattle germplasm resources, clarifies breeding objectives and technical routes at each developmental stage, comprehensively evaluates its improvement outcomes and germplasm advantages in production performance, stress resistance, meat quality and other traits, and defines its industrial application value. Aligned with the national strategy for seed industry revitalization and the advancement of modern biological breeding technologies, this study systematically analyzes prominent disconnects between breeding research and industrial development of "Taihang Cloud Cattle", identifying major shortcomings including insufficient alignment between breeding orientation and market demand, sluggish achievement transformation mechanisms, imperfect improved breeding stock reproduction systems, and inadequate technology popularization and application. To date, "Taihang Cloud Cattle" has evolved from a conventional local yellow cattle variety into a specialized beef breed with relatively high economic value, marking phased achievements in its genetic improvement program. Focusing on core challenges constraining "Taihang Cloud Cattle" breeding and the development of the provincial beef cattle seed industry, and in light of relevant national strategies and technological trends, this paper proposes developmental pathways such as constructing a data-driven joint breeding platform, promoting integrated development across the whole industrial chain, and innovating technology extension models. The findings provide theoretical references and practical guidance for high-quality development of the beef cattle seed industry in Shanxi Province.
Key words: Beef cattle; Genetic improvement; "Taihang Cloud Cattle"
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