本文介绍了我国肉牛产业当前的发展阶段特征，即正由依赖资源扩张与数量增长的外延式增长模式，向注重效率提升与价值创造的内涵式发展模式转变。在这一关键转型期，产业面临着三大核心挑战：一是地方品种虽具有耐粗饲、适应性强等优良特性，但生长速度和产肉性能等生产性状显著不足；二是核心种源对外依存度过高，尤其是高端肉牛品种的遗传物质长期依赖进口，种业安全存在隐患；三是产业链条中育种、扩繁、育肥到屠宰加工等环节衔接不畅，导致遗传改良成果难以高效转化为市场价值。针对上述问题，本文首先分析了我国肉牛遗传资源的多元构成，将其系统划分为地方品种、培育品种和引进品种三大类群，并指出各类群在当前市场环境下的独特定位与发展瓶颈。进而，本文提出了一套以市场为导向的差异化遗传改良策略：对地方品种实施“特色保护与开发”，挖掘其独特的风味、抗逆性等基因资源，开发差异化特色产品；对培育品种开展“性能持续改良”，利用现代育种技术逐步提升其生长与胴体性状；对引进品种进行“本土化适配”，通过杂交优化与选育使其更适应我国的饲养环境与市场需求。在此基础上，本文进一步指出，实现上述策略的核心路径在于构建“政产学研用”五位一体协同的联合育种体系，打破部门与区域壁垒，整合育种数据、技术与种质资源。研究提出，应深化全基因组选择技术及智能化表型测定技术的应用，显著提高育种效率与准确性；同时加大联合育种力度，建立跨场、跨区域的遗传联系，并最终通过品牌化战略将遗传优势转化为市场溢价。分析表明，该模式能够形成“市场回报→育种投入→遗传进展→优质产品→更高回报”的可持续发展闭环，从而系统性提升我国肉牛种业的自主核心竞争力。

This paper introduces the current development stage of China's beef cattle industry, which is undergoing a critical transition from an extensive, resource-driven growth model to an intensive, efficiency- and value-oriented development model. During this transitional period, the industry faces three major challenges: Firstly, indigenous breeds exhibit significantly inferior production traits such as growth rate and meat yield, despite their excellent adaptability and roughage tolerance; Secondly, heavy dependence on foreign core germplasm, especially for premium beef cattle breeds, posing risks to breed security; Thirdly, poor connectivity along the industrial chain—from breeding, multiplication, and fattening to slaughtering and processing—which hinders the efficient translation of genetic gain into market value. To address these issues, this paper first analyzes the diverse composition of China's beef cattle genetic resources, categorizing them into three groups: indigenous breeds, developed breeds, and introduced breeds, and identifies their respective market orientations and developmental bottlenecks. Consequently, the paper proposes a market-oriented, differentiated genetic improvement strategy: for indigenous breeds, implement "characteristic conservation and exploitation" to unlock their unique genetic resources such as flavor and stress resistance; for developed breeds, pursue "continuous performance improvement" using modern breeding techniques to gradually enhance growth and carcass traits; for introduced breeds, carry out "localized adaptation" through crossbreeding optimization and selection to better suit China's rearing conditions and market demands. Furthermore, the paper points out that the core pathway to realizing this strategy lies in establishing a collaborative "government-industry-university-research-application" joint breeding system that breaks down institutional and regional barriers to integrate breeding data, technologies, and germplasm resources. The study proposes deepening the application of genomic selection and intelligent phenotyping technologies to significantly improve breeding efficiency and accuracy. Meanwhile, it emphasizes intensifying joint breeding efforts to create across-herd and across-region genetic linkages, and ultimately leveraging branding strategies to convert genetic advantages into market premiums. Analysis shows that this model forms a sustainable closed-loop of "market return → breeding investment → genetic progress → premium products → higher return", thereby systematically enhancing the independent core competitiveness of China's beef cattle breeding industry.