本文围绕中国地方黄牛品种的选育与杂交利用，比较详细地介绍了中国地方黄牛品种的种类，种质特性。依据目前中国地方黄牛的现状，阐述了黄牛品种的本品种选育、利用现有杂交群体的新品种培育、以及通过选育及现代生物技术对黄牛遗传资源进行种质创新的理论和方法。同时，阐述了中国黄牛遗传资源的高效杂交利用理论和技术，包括杂种优势与杂交方式、配合力的测定、杂交亲本的选择、影响杂交效果的因素、杂种生产性能预测、提高杂种优势利用效果的途径及杂交中应注意的问题等。这些为中国地方黄牛品种选育与高效杂交利用，促进中国肉牛业的健康、绿色、可持续发展奠定了重要的理论基础和方法体系。

This paper focuses on the breeding and hybrid utilization of local Chinese cattle breeds, and provides a detailed introduction to the types and genetic characteristics of these local cattle breeds in China. Based on the current status of the local Chinese cattle breeds, it elaborates on the breed selection of local cattle breeds, the cultivation of new varieties through utilizing existing hybrid populations, as well as the theoretical and methodological approaches for genetic resource innovation in cattle through breeding and modern biotechnology. Additionally, it expounds on the efficient hybrid utilization theory and technology of Chinese cattle genetic resources, including hybrid superiority and hybrid methods, determination of complementarity, selection of hybrid parents, factors affecting hybrid effects, prediction of hybrid production performance, ways to enhance the utilization effect of hybrid superiority, and issues to be noted during hybridization. These lay an important theoretical foundation and methodological system for the breeding of local Chinese cattle breeds and efficient hybrid utilization, promoting the healthy, green and sustainable development of China's cattle industry.