大别山牛杂交改良进展报告

doi:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260602.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的为探究红安格斯牛杂交改良对大别山牛生长发育及屠宰性能的提升效果，明确其杂种优势表现，以期为大别山牛种质资源优化与肉用新品系选育提供理论依据与实践支撑。方法本研究以红安格斯牛为父本、大别山牛为母本开展级进杂交试验，选取大别山牛（D）、杂交F1代（F1）、杂交F2代（F2）各30头，系统测定其生长性能与屠宰性能指标，以推进肉用新品系选育工作。结果 F1各月龄体重、体尺均显著优于D（P<0.05）。其中，初生阶段F1公、母牛的体重、体斜长、体高、胸围、管围分别为27.5 kg、69.1 cm、70.2 cm、71.3 cm、12.8 cm与24.6 kg、70.0 cm、67.4 cm、70.4 cm、12.3 cm，各项指标均显著高于D公牛和母牛（P<0.05）。24月龄F1公牛、母牛体重分别为526.7和448.4 kg，分较D分别提高67.5%、53.3%（P<0.05）；24月龄F2公牛、母牛体重为564.6和462.2 kg，分较D提高79.6%、58.1%（P<0.05）。F2公牛的体斜长、体高、胸围和管围分别为134.7、124.3、176.2和20.3 cm，均显著高于D（P<0.05）。F2母牛的体斜长、体高、胸围和管围分别为128.8、120.7、169.2和18.9 cm，均显著高于D（P<0.05）。育肥后的屠宰性能，F2宰前活重达604.3 kg，净肉率达41.66%，分别较D提升105.8 kg和1.34个百分点，净肉重（251.7 kg）显著高于D和F1（P<0.05）。结论综上，红安格斯牛对大别山牛的杂交改良效果显著，F2综合性能较好。

关键词: 大别山牛, 红安格斯牛, 级进杂交, 生产性能, 屠宰性能

Abstract:

Objective This crossbreeding test was conducted to evaluate the effects of Red Angus crossbreeding on growth and slaughter performance of Dabieshan cattle and characterize the resulting heterosis, aiming to provide theoretical basis and practical support for germplasm optimization and new beef strain breeding. Method In this study, Red Angus cattle were used as male parent and Dabieshan cattle were used as female parent to carry out progressive hybridization test. Thirty Dabieshan cattle (D), hybrid F1 generation (F1) and hybrid F2 generation (F2) were selected to systematically determine their growth performance and slaughter performance indexes, so as to promote the breeding of new strains for meat. Result The results showed that the body weight and body size of F1 were significantly superior to those of purebred D at all monthly ages (P<0.05). Among them, the body weight, body length, body height, chest girth and cannon circumference of male and female F1 calves at the birth stage were 27.5 kg, 69.1 cm, 70.2 cm, 71.3 cm, 12.8 cm and 24.6 kg, 70.0 cm, 67.4 cm, 70.4 cm, 12.3 cm respectively. All indicators were significantly higher than those of male and female D (P<0.05). The 24-month-old body weight of F1 bulls and cows were 526.7 and 448.4 kg, which were significantly increased by 67.5% and 53.3% compared with D, respectively (P<0.05). Those of F2 bulls and cows reached 564.6 and 462.2 kg, representing increases of 79.6% and 58.1% relative to D (P<0.05). The body length, body height, chest girth and cannon circumference of F2 bulls were 134.7, 124.3, 176.2 and 20.3 cm, respectively, all significantly higher than those of D (P<0.05). For F2 cows, the corresponding values were 128.8, 120.7, 169.2 and 18.9 cm, respectively, which were also significantly greater than those of D (P<0.05). In terms of slaughter performance after fattening, the pre-slaughter live weight and net meat percentage of F2 reached 604.3 kg and 41.66%, which were 105.8 kg and 1.34 percentage points greater than those of purebred D, respectively. The net meat weight of F2 was 251.7 kg, which was significantly greater than that of D and F1 (P<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, Red Angus cattle had a significant crossbreeding improvement effect on Dabieshan cattle, and F2 exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance.

Key words: Dabieshan cattle, Red Angus, Graded cross, Production performance, Slaughter performance

中图分类号:

S823

金海, 赵拴平, 李倩, 章会斌, 杜欣怡, 李庆岗, 徐磊. 大别山牛杂交改良进展报告[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2026, 22(6): 81-86.

Hai Jin, Shuanping Zhao, Qian Li, Huibin Zhang, Xinyi Du, Qinggang Li, Lei Xu. Progress report on crossbreeding improvement of Dabieshan cattle[J]. Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2026, 22(6): 81-86.

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月龄 Month of age	性别 Gender	群体 Groups	体重 Body weight/kg	体斜长 Body length/cm	体高 Body height/cm	胸围 Chest girth/cm	管围 Cannon circumference/cm
初生Birth	公牛	D (n=12)	19.2±1.42^b	53.7±1.88^b	62.7±2.08^b	60.9±1.93^b	8.8±0.66^b
	公牛	F1 (n=17)	27.5±1.27^a	69.1±3.56^a	70.2±2.16^a	71.3±5.91^a	12.8±1.50^a
	母牛	D (n=18)	16.3±1.80^b	51.2±2.86^b	59.5±3.20^b	57.4±2.30^b	8.0±1.04^b
	母牛	F1 (n=13)	24.6±1.63^a	70.0±10.07^a	67.4±3.78^a	70.4±2.97^a	12.3±1.39^a
6月龄6 months of age	公牛	D (n=12)	114.6±8.24^a	100.2±3.46^b	92.5±3.36^b	101.3±3.20^b	13.4±1.22^b
	公牛	F1 (n=17)	136.0±9.4^a	108.2±3.56^a	101.2±2.46^a	135.5±3.26^a	15.5±1.12^a
	母牛	D (n=18)	110.4±5.60^b	96.8±1.47^b	90.0±3.00^b	100.8±2.60^b	13.2±1.80^a
	母牛	F1 (n=13)	125.0±5.79^a	103.0±2.17^a	97.4±2.80^a	132.3±2.61^a	14.3±1.15^a
12月龄12 months of age	公牛	D (n=12)	148.6±3.50^b	106.8±2.62^b	108.8±3.18^b	114.2±3.18^b	15.6±1.14^b
	公牛	F1 (n=17)	220.8±8.96^a	129.8±3.26^a	112.8±2.44^a	169.4±5.79^a	18.6±1.52^a
	母牛	D (n=18)	142.6±4.82^b	103.2±3.24^b	101.3±1.80^b	111.8±2.40^b	14.8±1.61^b
	母牛	F1 (n=13)	172.3±5.26^a	121.1±8.01^a	108.8±2.56^a	160.2±21.23^a	16.6±1.95^a
24月龄24 months of age	公牛	D (n=12)	314.4±16.40^b	127.2±2.41^b	112.4±2.43^b	168.4±3.82^b	18.3±2.40^a
	公牛	F1 (n=17)	526.7±4.67^a	132.6±3.82^a	121.8±3.34^a	172.4±4.81^a	19.5±1.42^a
	母牛	D (n=18)	292.4±6.80^b	120.6±3.22^b	106.6±5.86^b	157.7±3.13^b	17.2±2.18^a
	母牛	F1 (n=13)	448.4±13.8^a	126.4±8.44^a	118.4±6.32^a	166.2±6.81^a	18.2±1.66^a

项目Items	宰前活重Live weight before slaughter/kg	胴体重Carcass weight/kg	净肉重Net meat weight/kg	屠宰率Slaughter rate/%	净肉率Net meat rate/%
D (n=3)	498.5±10.8^b	275.3±8.2^b	200.1±10.1^b	55.2±2.3^b	40.32±0.2^b
F1 (n=3	586.0±9.1^a	330.7±10.2^a	236.4±9.5^a	56.4±2.8^a	40.35±0.03^b
F2 (n=3)	604.3±11.3^a	346.6±9.4^a	251.7±8.9^a	57.3±3.5^a	41.66±0.12^a